Flat Earth NOT – FlatEarthLunacy articles for reference - X

Dear Readers, 

Welcome to the FlatEarthLunacy archives, filled with lots of facts about our true globe Earth and explanations as to what motivates flat Earth folks.

These articles once appeared on our main blog page, but have been moved here to provide more room on the main page.   

   

Published on – December 3, 2018 

Discussion at - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7ipUKERU0tzYFxALJBli4A/discussion

Our home page all articles - http://flatearthlunacy.com

kind regards, JonahTheScientist
  


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As we have pointed out many times, the main constituency of the United States flat Earth movement is composed of people pushing Christian Biblical literalism

Flat Earth Conference 2018 – Edmonton, Alberta, Canada - A religious tent revival meeting


   

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Article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/945-flat-earth-international-conference-canada-2018-a-christian-religious-tent-revival-meeting


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As conspiracy theories gain traction in the United States, more and more professionals are studying the sociological, psychological and emotional impetus for that type of activity

Joseph Uscinski, Political Science Professor at U of Miami  says, “Conspiracy theories are for losers, because losers use them to motivate their base to fight back against powerful institutions.”

   


That article is here:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ajps.12234

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What’s wrong with this picture?  Something out of place? 

   

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Water does find its level, but that does not mean the Earth is flat.

At any particular surface point, water is level with reference to the center of the Earth’s gravitational field.  

So referring to the picture below, standing at points a b and c, you will see level water.  However, at point (a) that level is tilted with respect to the surface orientation of points (b) and (c) on the Earth.  Yes.  Water is level wherever it rests because it conforms to the curvature of the Earth.  

   
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And water does curve!


   


   


   



Exact same article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/946-flat-earth-not-4

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Students participate in real life zero gravity experimentation

NASA Glenn Selects Winners of Drop Tower Challenge

Press Release From: Glenn Research Center 
Posted: Wednesday, August 8, 2018

NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland has selected winners of the 2018 Microgravity Expulsion from Water Experiments Challenge. The winning teams have been invited to participate in the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research (ASGSR) conference in Washington D.C. in November.

Students who participated in the challenge designed and built objects that sunk in water in normal gravity, but were expelled from water during a free fall from Glenn's 2.2 second drop tower.

"The key part of this challenge is that the expulsion must result from the hydrophobic, or water fearing, properties of the surface of each object," said Nancy Hall, challenge director. "While it is known that liquids in general behave differently in microgravity due to surface tension having a greater effect, this experiment allows us to see the effects of liquid behavior on a hydrophobic surface."

This is important to the space program because a liquid's interaction with solid surfaces ultimately affects the rate of chemical reactions and heat transfer.

The selection of the best-performing designs was based on the expectations of the objects expelled, analysis and the students' written reports.

Teams from the following schools have been selected to present at the 2018 ASGSR meeting Nov. 3:

First place, Grafton High School, Yorktown, Virginia
Second place, Broadway Creek Homeschool Academy, Medina, Ohio
Second place, West Geauga High School, Chesterland, Ohio
Fourth place, Canyon Crest Academy, San Diego, California
"If you have an opportunity to participate in a challenge, definitely do it," said Hall. "It's a great way to learn about the engineering process and the work that NASA is doing in various areas."

Students interested in NASA's competition opportunities can visit: https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/stu-competitions-current-opps.html

Article is here:
http://spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=52946     

   
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Video and article here:
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-challenges-students-to-design-microgravity-experiments


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Flat Earth advocates have no clue (and don’t want one either) about what Professional Astronomers really do

Flat Earth supporters that shout scientism, or claim that no new research is ongoing, are simply lying to you.


   

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Here is a tiny example of what 10,000 professional astronomers across the world are currently working on:

Early Results from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) (George Ricker for the TESS Science Team)
MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Abstract:
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will discover thousands of exoplanets in orbit around the brightest stars in the sky. In a two-year survey, TESS will monitor 200,000 pre-selected bright stars for planetary transits in the solar neighborhood at a 2-minute cadence. The survey will identify planets ranging from Earth-sized to gas giants, around a wide range of stellar types and orbital distances. TESS will also provide full frame images (FFI) at a cadence of 30 minutes or less. These FFI will provide precise photometric information for every object within the 2300 square degree instantaneous field of view of the TESS cameras. In total, more than 30 million stars and galaxies brighter than magnitude I=16 will be precisely photometered during the two-year prime mission. In principle, the lunar-resonant TESS orbit will provide opportunities for an extended mission lasting more than a decade, with data rates of 100 Mbits/s.

An extended survey by TESS of regions surrounding the North and South Ecliptic Poles will provide prime exoplanet targets for characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope, as well as other large ground-based and space-based telescopes of the future. The TESS legacy will be a catalog of the nearest and brightest main-sequence stars hosting transiting exoplanets, which should long endure as the most favorable targets for detailed future investigations. 

The launch as a NASA Astrophysics Explorer is to take place in April 2018 from Cape Canaveral on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. First light results from the TESS mission will be presented.

Status of the Gaia Mission and the Gaia DR2 Results (F. Thévenin)
Université de la Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS
Abstract:
The Gaia mission is in its forth year of work, and is a key space mission devoted to astrometric measurements of stars. More than astrometric data will be delivered in the Gaia DR2, 3, 4 and the mission is now foreseen to be extend. For the Gaia DR2 one of the most important result is the parallaxes of 1.3 billion sources with accurate determinations. The use of them deserve some attention and carreful read of the companion papers that explain in details how to use the catalogue and what are the limits. On the 25 April the catalog will be on line for all the community of astronomers to produce stellar astrophysics from young to very old stars, isolated or in clusters. The return on the physics of stars is vast and for sure will be a central part of the workshop. Inputs on the parallaxes and PM or first estimates of Teff and reddening of stars or radial velocities and more outputs will be presented and discussed.

The Chemical Homogeneity of Sun-like Stars in the Solar Neighborhood (Megan Bedell)
Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute
Abstract:
The compositions of stars are a critical diagnostic tool for many topics in astronomy such as the evolution of our Galaxy, the formation of planets, and the uniqueness of the Sun. Previous spectroscopic measurements indicate a large intrinsic variation in the elemental abundance patterns of stars with similar overall metal content. However, systematic errors arising from inaccuracies in stellar models are known to be a limiting factor in such studies, and thus it is uncertain to what extent the observed diversity of stellar abundance patterns is real. We have performed an analysis of 79 Sun-like stars within 100 parsecs and achieve abundance measurements of 30 elements with precisions of 2 percent. Systematic errors are minimized in this study by focusing on solar twin stars and performing a line-by-line differential analysis using high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise spectra. We resolve [X/Fe] abundance trends in galactic chemical evolution at precisions of 10−3 dex Gyr−1 and reveal that stars with similar ages and metallicities have nearly identical abundance patterns. These results imply that exoplanets may exhibit much less compositional diversity than previously thought. We also discuss new insights from this data set on dimensionality of chemical abundance space and prospects for chemical tagging studies.

 

Stellar magnetism: origins, effects, and enigmas (Matthew Browning; Laura Currie; Lucia Duarte; Lewis Ireland; Felix SainsburyMartinez; Maria Weber)
University of Exeter; University of Chicago; Adler Planetarium
Abstract:
All main-sequence stars transport some energy by convection, whether within a central core (as in massive stars), a convective envelope (as in the Sun), or throughout the interior (as in lower-mass stars). In many cases this convection, coupled to rotation and occurring in regions of high electrical conductivity, likely acts to build magnetic fields through dynamo action. The resulting magnetism leads to a host of observable effects, with the high-energy emission from a star, its rotational evolution, and perhaps even its overall structure all influenced (in certain cases) by the magnetic fields. I will review how the fields probably arise, and what they do, drawing partly on the results of large-scale numerical simulations that have sought (together with 1-D models and basic theory) to model stellar interiors with reasonable fidelity. I will argue that the theoretical models can provide some insight into how strong the fields can get, what spatial and temporal structure they might have, and how these things depend on parameters like the overall rotation rate or stellar mass – but will also highlight some enduring puzzles that have yet to be solved.
 

Stellar Ages and Galactic evolution: what have we learned from Asteroseismology (S. Hekker)
Max Planck Institute for Solar system research; Stellar Astrophysics Centre
Abstract:
With the advent of space telescopes MOST, CoRoT and Kepler/K2 asteroseismology has undergone a revolution. In this talk I will discuss what we have learned from asteroseismology of cool main-sequence stars, subgiants and red giants in terms of Stellar Ages and Galactic Evolution. I will also address future prospects of asteroseismology with the launch of TESS and Plato.

Optical high-resolution spectroscopy of 14 young ¸-rich stars (T. Matsuno; D. Yong; W. Aoki; M. N. Ishigaki)
Sokendai; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Australian National University; University of Tokyo
Abstract:
Combination of asteroseismology and a large spectroscopic survey has revealed the existence of a peculiar stellar population: they look young from their mass but look old from their ¸-element abundances (so-called young ¸-rich stars). We obtained high quality optical spectra for 14 of them to confirm their reported abundances and to constrain their origin from unexplored elements. We first confirm that their ¸-element abundances are consistent with belonging to the ¸-rich population in the Galactic disk. Newly obtained abundances of neutron-capture elements are also similar to those of typical stars in the ¸-rich population. Although one object has been shown to have high Li abundance, the other 13 objects do not show significant abundance anomalies and we conclude that they have the typical abundance pattern of old stars over all the measured elements. Together with the high frequency of radial velocity variation, we suggest they are results of stellar merger or mass transfer from red giants.

First X-ray detection of plasma motions in a stellar flare and in the associated CME (C. Argiroffi; F. Reale; J. J. Drake; A. Ciaravella; P. Testa; R. Bonito; M. Miceli; S. Orlando; G. Peres)
DiFC, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy; INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Italy; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA, US
Abstract:
The solar corona has always been the starting point to understand all the magnetically related phenomena occurring in stellar atmosphere. Stars however show activity levels up to 104 higher than the Sun. Therefore, direct observations of the different magnetic phenomena in active stars are crucial to understand how they scale with the activity level. While global coronal properties are well studied, many other phenomena, among which flaring plasma motions and coronal mass ejections (CME), remain observationally unexplored in active stars. By performing time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy of a strong stellar flare, observed with Chandra/HETGS, we present here the direct and unambiguous evidence of Doppler shifts due to upward and downward motions of plasma within the flaring loop, and, unexpectedly, also of the subsequent CME expulsion. The observed motions within the flaring loop neatly agree with HD model predictions, indicating that the standard flare model holds also for flares 104 more energetic than the most intense solar ones. Moreover, this first direct and clear observation of a stellar CME allows us to infer its physical properties, including mass (∼ 1020 g) and kinetic energy (∼ 1034 erg). These values provide fundamental constraints to extrapolate the properties of solar CME to that of active stars, and eventually to understand the potential effects of CME on exoplanetary systems.
 

Here are the scientific abstracts of the 332 papers presented at this conference
http://coolstars20.cfa.harvard.edu/docs/abstract_booklet.pdf

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The flat Earth community has no explanation for planetary retrograde motion

The retrograde motion of the planet Mars is currently nearing an end.

From June 28^th 2018 to August 28^th the planet Mars will be moving backwards or in retrograde motion. About every 26 months, 780 days, the planet Mars appears to pause in its eastward orbital motion and for a period of time, about 72 days, move toward the west before again pausing and returning to its eastward orbital motion.

This is known as retrograde motion, and is an apparent, not actual, motion that all planets undergo relative to the Earth’s orbital motion. All outer planets, dwarf planets, and asteroids will have a retrograde motion period each time the Earth moves past them.

Picture two race cars circling a track. The inner most car, moving faster, passes the outer car and from the perspective of the inner car it could look like the slower moving car was moving backward.

Retrograde motion proves:
that the Earth is in orbit around the Sun
that there are planets farther away from the Sun than the Earth
that there are planets closer to the Sun than the Earth
space is real
that Earth is not at the center of our local planetary system

   

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Here is why the outer planets appear to move "backward/retrograde" in the sky for several months...


   


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Fractures in the flat Earth community…

Chris Monk Sellye - FECORE team member abandons flat Earth and now says the Earth is really a globe


   

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Full story is here...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_w7j4PxXuY&feature=youtu.be


   


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Dear Readers,

July 31, 2018

Our FlatEarthLunacy.com site was down for the past 36-hours due to nefarious activity of flat Earth advocates.

Thanks for visiting this site as we continue to provide real science that describes the reality of our world – the Earth is a beautiful blue round globe in orbit around our Sun.

kind regards, JonahTheScientist

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The Earth spins so darn fast why don’t we all just fly off the surface as flat Earthers constantly claim?

It’s because if you look closely at the forces involved (gravity vs centrifugal) and do the calculations, gravity wins hands down.  No contest.  

Gravitational force acceleration holding you down = 9.8 meters/sec²

Centrifugal force acceleration throwing you out into space = 0.03 meters/sec²

So at the Earth's equator, the force of gravity is 9.8 / .03 = 327 times stronger.  That’s why you don’t fly off.


   

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DOES EVERYONE GET IT NOW?     

SO FLAT EARTH IDIOTS, PLEASE STOP SHOWING US HOW STUPID YOU ARE. 

GET AN EDUCATION AND JOIN THE 21ST CENTURY


Exact same article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/936-flat-earth-not-the-earth-spins-so-darn-fast-why-don-t-we-all-just-fly-off-the-surface-as-flat-earthers-constantly-claim

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The current flat Earth fallacies…

Space images are fake

ISS videos are shot in a zero-gravity plane

Antarctica is an impenetrable ice wall

The Earth has no curvature

Gravity doesn’t exist

The Sun isn’t millions of miles away

The sky is a glass dome

The shadow object causes lunar eclipses

Rockets can’t reach space

NASA was founded by the Nazis

… but contrary to that, the beautiful reality is…

   



Exact same article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/937-flat-earth-not-the-current-2018-flat-earth-fallacies

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Even after Pope John Paul II officially declared that Galileo (1564-1642) was right, some members of the Christian Faith are still stuck in a time warp

By associating their love and belief in God with a literal Bible, they are cemented to the past.

How long will they continue to believe that snakes and donkeys can talk? 

It's time for religious views to mature and become compatible with our 21st century. 

   



Vatican admits Galileo was right, by Joseph Nicolas and Robert Fleury
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13618460.600-vatican-admits-galileo-was-right-/


Exact same article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/938-flat-earth-not-2


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Australia’s Flat Earth Convention (March 17, 2018) and how it fell apart

“A vicious falling-out, alleged death threats, and arson attempt.  This is the story of how Australia’s first flat-Earth conference destroyed itself from the inside out.”

By Mark Serrels – https://www.cnet.com/news/the-bizarre-tale-of-the-australia-flat-earth-convention-that-fell-apart/


   
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Exact same article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/939-flat-earth-not-3

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Flat Earth?  The two simple rules that allow EVERYONE to determine that for themselves

1.  On a flat plain, the horizon is always BEHIND the objects in view.

2.  On a flat plain, the ENTIRE object is always visible.

Check.  Are objects in front of the horizon or on it?

Look at any panoramic view (or photograph) and locate the sky/land or sky/water horizon.   If buildings and mountains are in front of the horizon, then you are looking at a flat plain.  If a boat or any object is on the horizon, that horizon line is due to Earth curvature and therefore those objects are located on a curved surface.

Check.  Can you see the entire object?  If it’s not obvious (to the human eye) use a camera zoom lens or telescope.

Check out and use this wonderful calculator by Walter Bislins
http://walter.bislins.ch/bloge/index.asp?page=Advanced+Earth+Curvature+Calculator

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Set of two slides.  On a flat plain zoom in enough and you will always see the entire object in front of the horizon...


   


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Real world examples...


   

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Video: Earth as a planet

"So much of our comprehension about how the solar system works is obviously quite recent.  We’re talking about Galileo and Newton.  Obviously this state is a completely different point of view.  In ancient times we thought the Earth was at the center of the universe, and now we know the Sun is at the center of a planetary system which is at the outskirts of a galaxy, which in turn is on the outskirts of a remote part of the universe.    

This immediately gave us a different vision of where we are and who we are. 

Our vision of who we are and where we are gets clearer every day thanks to space technology."

   



(https://phys.org/news/2017-04-video-earth-planet.html#nRlv)

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FECORE 2018 - Lake Balaton and Lake Ijssel laser test - PEER REVIEW

Abstract:

1.  No attempt was ever made to measure Earth flatness.

During the entire course of the experiment they did not use any of the standard Geodetic survey tools; such as an internationally approved Theodolite/Auto level, GPS tracker, level staff, ranging rod, retro-reflector and surveyor’s tripod.

They did not place level staffs or sighting targets at various marker points along the Lake Balaton shoreline, to demonstration progressive tracking of Earth flatness over length.

They did not stake laser reflectors at various locations along the shoreline, and target them with a laser beam to demonstrate that the beam is truly pointed parallel to the water's surface over distance.  That is a primary requirement to corroborate flatness.

2.  All efforts were directed toward showing that there is no Earth curvature.

The FECORE team did however, attempt thru observations, to imply "proof by contradiction."

Proof by contradiction is a form of indirect proof, that establishes the truth or validity of a proposition. It starts by assuming that the opposite proposition is true, and then shows that such an assumption leads to a contradiction.

The error in this type of approach is the "assumption" that the Earth can only have two possible valid shapes - either flat or spherical.  Attempting to prove that the Earth is not spherical, does not authenticate that the Earth is flat.  And other flat Earth supporters willingly testify that the Earth is concave, convex, or undoubtedly a flat plane with as yet unmeasured total dimensions. 

3. In order to avoid confusing and contestable results due to atmospheric effects - all laser experiments should only be conducted within the observable horizon.

Laser height above the water line:

1.5 meters = Test over water to a distance of (4.4 kilometers / 2.73 miles)
5 meters = Test over water to a distance of (8 kilometers / 4.97 miles)

10 meters = Test over water to a distance of (11.3 kilometers / 7 miles)
13 meters (hotel terrace position of laser) = Test over water to a distance of (12.9 kilometers / 8 miles)
20 meters = Test over water to a distance of (16 kilometers / 9.94 miles)
30 meters = Test over water to a distance of (19.6 kilometers / 12.18 miles)

The below mentioned phenomena radically change light propagation direction and behavior:

turbulence (rising and falling air currents, and the offshore breeze that all sailors know about)
thermal layer ducting
thermal boundary layers
thermal blooming
evaporation duct height
atmospheric looming, sinking, towering & stooping
inferior mirage, superior mirage, and Fata Morgana

4.  The laser beam (green & blue) diameter is on the order of millimeters, yet the resulting observed light images observed at the target locations are meters upon meters wide.

5.  Given the small beam at the source, diffraction and natural beam divergence produces a large (order of meter or meters) beam at the detector.

6.  Regardless of atmospheric refraction/ducting, this large beam is essentially a plane wave, large enough to reach from near the ground to the location of the detector (eye or camera) at the various test distances on it's own.

7.  Whether by eye or camera, a small portion of this plane wave is sampled and appears as a spot in the camera.  This spot is sometimes distorted by small scale aberrations in the atmosphere or scatter of diffracted light off the surface of the water. 

8.  While they didn't show it or do it, they would have seen the same spot as they moved the detector up and down vertically (sampling different parts of the beam).  Please note that to find the beams actual location would require finding the center of the beam (the brighter center).  If they had done that, you could have drawn conclusions about the extent of refraction/ducting. 
  
9.  We will show below how to properly conduct an over-the-water laser distance experiment.

10.  Lighthouse or bright lamp testing could also have been used to obtain reliable results.

11.  Basically, this experiment (if they had scanned vertically at each target point) suggests that diffraction is real and doesn't show whether the earth surface curves or not.

Summary:  

We have found FOUR primary reasons why every laser observation that FECORE conducted for this experiment was critically flawed - and therefore invalid.

1.  Seeing the laser beam at each target point does not prove that the Earth is flat or curved.  It only proves that the laser had enough power intensity (wattage) for the beam to reach the distance.

2.  Every laser test past the primary horizon (2.85 meter laser height reaches the horizon at distance 6-km) has to contend with light bending, beam expansion and distortion from multiple effects, such as:

turbulence (rising and falling air currents, and the offshore breeze that all sailors know about)
thermal layer ducting
thermal boundary layers
thermal blooming
evaporation duct height
atmospheric looming, sinking, towering & stooping
inferior mirage, superior mirage, and Fata Morgana

.. and FECORE did not adjust their measurements for these.  

3. Claiming that the laser SALAD aiming device is 2.9 meters above the water line is one thing, but it does not end there. 

Their blunder was not showing/proving that the beam travelled horizontally PARALLEL to the water for each target test.

There is ALSO ample evidence that FECORE was not honest about the waterline height of their laser.  For the Lake Ijssel experiments the test calculation slides list 2.92 meters as the laser height above the water, but in reality that 2.92 meters is the "elevation only" of the site where the laser SALAD apparatus was located.  The true laser height above the water line is 2.92 meters, PLUS the Hotel deck height above ground, PLUS the actual height of the SALAD apparatus sitting on the deck.


   


   


FECORE did not provide the angle (the exact degree above or below the horizontal) that the beam was pointing. 

At what angle, by how many degrees & minutes & seconds they pointed the laser UP or DOWN in order for it to be seen at the target location - was not presented in their document.  Knowing that angle is most important.  

The laser can hit any over-the-horizon target, by just aiming it higher or lower enough, depending upon the atmospheric conditions.  As that is being done, the person at the target just has to say "I can see it now."

But by only doing that - the test is invalid.


   

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4.  FECORE did not show evidence at each target location that the laser beam was not visible below the horizon hidden amount.


Complete article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/932-fecore-2018-lake-balaton-and-lake-ijssel-laser-test-pier-review

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Fly to the edge of space yourself to see first-hand the shape of the Earth

MiG-29 Edge of Space Flight

Probably the mightiest experience in the world: The Edge of Space flight in the MiG-29 Fulcrum. Depending on weather and temperature conditions, you can reach up to 20-22km altitude, though at least 17km is guaranteed. Only astronauts and cosmonauts aboard the ISS will fly higher at this point.

You can clearly see the curvature of the earth. The atmosphere looks like a blue fog, covering the earth far below. Above you the sky turns very dark, sprinkled with innumerous stars. An incredible view which only few people were able to enjoy so far!

(Note to readers – we are not associated with those adventure companies in any way)

   

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(https://www.migflug.com/en/jet-fighter-flights/flying-with-a-jet/mig-29-edge-of-space.html)

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"We circled and then accelerated past the sound barrier to Mach 1.9. We then went upwards to about 70,000 feet. Near the top I felt weightlessness for several seconds. I saw the curvature of the earth and the dark sky above." ~ Paul C. of Tampa, Florida

   



(https://incredible-adventures.com/edge-of-space-intro.html)


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Observing that gravity is real and measuring its force of attraction is easy for you to do

The Cavendish experiment using simple household items

Flat Earth: You Wanted Gravity, by Sly Sparkane
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QdifwJ31ig

   

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The Cavendish experiment, performed in 1797–1798 by British scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant.

The experiment:
The apparatus constructed by Cavendish was a torsion balance made of a six-foot (1.8 m) wooden rod horizontally suspended from a wire, with a two 2-inch (51 mm) diameter 1.61-pound (0.73 kg) lead spheres, each attached to each end. Two 12-inch (300 mm) 348-pound (158 kg) lead balls were located near the smaller balls, about 9 inches (230 mm) away, and held in place with a separate suspension system.  The experiment measured the faint gravitational attraction between the small balls and the larger ones.

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavendish_experiment)

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Or you can just buy the following kits used at local community colleges.

   

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The only thing Flat Earthers have to FEAR is SPHERE itself...

   

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Galileo Would Be Stunned: Jupiter Now Has 79 Moons

   

More than 400 years after Galileo Galilei discovered the first of Jupiter's moons, astronomers have found a dozen more — including one they've dubbed "oddball" — orbiting the planet. That brings the total number of Jovian moons to 79.

The team of astronomers originally wasn't even looking for the 12 new moons. Scott Sheppard of the Carnegie Institution for Science says he and his colleagues had been trying to track down a giant planet they think may be lurking at the outer reaches of our solar system.

As part of that search, Sheppard was using the 4-meter Víctor Blanco Telescope in Chile in March of last year and realized that Jupiter was right near the part of the sky he wanted to search.

"So we could also search for Jupiter moons while looking for things that are well beyond Pluto," Sheppard says.

One thing that helped was the especially large camera attached to the Blanco telescope. "[That camera] allows us to search the whole area around Jupiter in a very few images," he says.

They quickly hit the jackpot — 12 new moons appeared in the images. As they reported Tuesday in an online notice from International Astronomical Union, all 12 have now been confirmed by other telescopes.

Nine of them are in previously discovered clusters of moons that are in what astronomers call a retrograde orbit. "They're going around the planet in the opposite direction that Jupiter rotates," Sheppard says.

Astronomers think retrograde moons have a different origin story from prograde moons, which travel in the same direction that their planet rotates.

Sheppard says Jupiter's prograde moons probably formed from the same spinning disc of stuff that eventually coalesced to form the planet. By contrast, retrograde moons were probably objects that once were wandering around the solar system and got snared by Jupiter's gravity.

"They didn't form with Jupiter," he says. "We think Jupiter captured them as these objects got too close to Jupiter in the past."

Most of the prograde moons orbit much closer to the planet than the retrograde moons do. But the moon Sheppard and his colleagues call "oddball" is different — instead of orbiting with the other prograde moons, its orbit takes it out as far as the retrograde moons.

The oddball is also the smallest of the moons that Sheppard and his colleagues found, just 1 kilometer across. Sheppard thinks it may be all that's left of a larger moon that crashed into one or more of the retrograde moons sometime in the past.

Sheppard and his colleagues have proposed naming the oddball moon Valetudo, after a minor goddess and great-granddaughter of the Roman god Jupiter. Even though a dozen new moons is a pretty good haul, Sheppard expects that more searching will turn up even more moons. Maybe 100 or more of the really small ones.

And that raises a question: Does an object less than a mile across deserve to be called a moon?

Sheppard agrees it's problematic. "Maybe there will have to be a new definition for the smaller moons. Maybe a dwarf moon for anything that's 1 kilometer in size of smaller," he says.

Mini-moon, perhaps?


Article is here - https://www.npr.org/2018/07/17/629396121/galileo-would-be-stunned-jupiter-now-has-79-moons

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The horizon does not rise to our eye level as claimed by flat Earth

When you take your next airline flight use either of these 2 smart phone apps (Theodolite & Sea Level) to prove to yourself that the horizon actually DROPS by the correct amount calculated for the curvature of the Earth.

So flat Earth folks, please stop filling YouTube with wrong information.

   

(https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/theodolite/id339393884?mt=8)

Description

Theodolite HD is a multi-function viewfinder that combines a compass, two-axis inclinometer, rangefinder, GPS, map, nav calculator, and geo-overlay photo/movie camera into one indispensable app. Theodolite was one of the very first augmented reality apps when it was released in 2009, and it’s been downloaded and used by millions of customers since then. Uses are endless, and the app is great for land measurements, outdoor sports, sightseeing, navigation, and finding your way around. Theodolite is a pro grade app and is used extensively by surveyors, geologists, architects, engineers, competitive sportsmen, first responders, military personnel, and search and rescue workers around the world. 

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The apparent angular size of the Sun does not change as it crosses the sky every day

That is not possible on a flat Earth - because we all know that as objects move further away from us, they look smaller and smaller.  That's what should happen on a flat Earth with a Sun in close proximity (3,000 miles up as their model claims).

   


The following real time calculator by Mike West shows what the apparent size of the Sun would be IF the Earth were really flat and the Sun only 3,000 miles away.  But the Earth is really a beautiful blue globe orbiting the Sun about 93-million miles away...

Calculator is here -
https://www.metabunk.org/an-easy-experiment-to-debunk-the-flat-earth-by-observing-the-size-of-the-sun.t7252/


   

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The flat Earth community cannot explain or predict even the most basic sky events

An example is the Supermoon.  What is it, how does it occur, and when are the next ones?

It’s time to dump that entire FLAT conspiracy.

When the Full Moon occurs during the Moon's closest approach to Earth, its perigee, it appears larger and brighter in the sky. This phenomenon is often called a supermoon.

A New Moon at perigee is also often referred to as a supermoon. However, this event usually garners less attention because a New Moon is invisible from Earth.

Perigee and Apogee

The Moon's orbit around Earth is not a perfect circle, but elliptical, with one side closer to Earth than the other. As a result, the distance between the Moon and Earth varies throughout the month and the year. On average, the distance is about 382,900 kilometers (238,000 miles).

The point on the Moon's orbit closest to Earth is called the perigee and the point farthest away is the apogee.

   

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Article is here -
https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/super-full-moon.html


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"Because the more lies I spread the more money I make.  What's the problem?"

Says ... Bo Leyva of Youtube account bmlsb69...


   



Article here - http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/930-bmlsb69-flat-earth-advocate-fail


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On July 18th student team DARE from Delft University of Technology will attempt to break the European rocketry altitude record for students, which is currently set at 32.3 km, with the Stratos III rocket. With this the team wants to show the potential of student rocket science and ultimately take the next big step towards being the first student team to launch a rocket to space at 100 km above sea level.

Article here: http://spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=52813

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Why ALL flat Earth laser experiments beyond the land-water horizon are inconclusive and worthless.

Any test beyond horizon 2 (as shown below) is subject to atmospheric distortions of many kinds.  It's not possible to subtract those effects out:

temperature inversion
atmospheric ducting
atmospheric looming, 
inferior mirage, superior mirage, and Fata Morgana
standard atmospheric refraction

There is no need for long distance laser experiments.  Anyone can prove flatness or curvature within the first 5-km.

Observer height:
1-meter laser height to 3.6-km limit
2-meter laser height to 5.1-km limit
5-meter laser height to 8-km limit

Due to a normal temperature gradient found in the atmosphere, light rays are bent 1/5 or 1/6 the Earth’s curvature.

With a temperature inversion (increase or decrease) of 6.3^o F per 100-feet, the curvature of a light ray is of the same order as the curvature of the Earth.


   

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Complete article here...
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/928-flat-earth-fail-why-all-flat-earth-laser-experiments-beyond-the-land-water-horizon-are-inconclusive-and-worthless


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Has FECORE abandoned the following advertised projects?

Solar Speed Measurement
Arctic Midnight Sun Observation
Globe Earth vs Real Life Experiment
Satellite Contract Verification
Autonomous Balloon and Rocket Launch Platform
Enhanced Crop Yield Research


   

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Exact same article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/927-fecore-2018-have-they-abandoned-the-following-advertised-projects

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Our beautiful universe, the one that flat Earthers deny

   

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What we observe as reality (right side up AND upside down moon) is just not possible on a flat Earth


   
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Patricia Steere's Flat Earth and Other Hot Potatoes (FEOHP LLC)  $500,000 plus house gifted to her by Metatron (subsidiary Landry Inc., Dining, Hospitality and Entertainment), as we reported to you over a year ago.

Here is a copy of an original property transfer filing document:


   

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Prior article:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/645-flat-earth-2017-official-survey-how-are-these-people


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July 10, 2018 occultation of the bright star Aldebaran by the moon   

See for yourself that the Moon is a solid celestial sphere (not transparent) and not a hologram, image or just a light in the sky.

The term occultation is most frequently used to describe those relatively frequent occasions when the Moon passes in front of a star during the course of its orbital motion around the Earth.

As the Moon moves in front of Aldebaran it will disappear for a period of time, and the reappearance at egress.


   

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Article is here:
https://www.universetoday.com/139540/a-spectacular-grazing-occultation-for-aldebaran-at-dawn/

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The actual event as recorded by amateur astronomer on July 10, 2018...


   

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Article by Wolfie6020 here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4a_gRx6o3V8


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Angry Biblical literalist - Michael David Tobin (aka Mike Tobinator) - now making death threats 


   

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Exact same article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/923-mike-tobinator-angry-flat-earth-biblical-literalist-now-making-death-threats

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And finally a refreshing new look & addition to the flat Earth community – introducing "Who is Tesla"

Is it time to laugh or cry for the human race?

   

A tiny bit more here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/914-who-is-tesla-flat-earth-advocate-fail


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A segment of the flat Earth community contend that a DOME/FIRMAMENT exists over the Earth.  Many associate the occasional rainbow as the DOME itself.  

But the following sequence of photos showing a “moving” rainbow, smashes both delusional claims since rainbows are not in a fixed immovable position over the Earth.

   

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Moving Rainbow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxOgCFtQFIs

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Rainbow from above.  This is certainly not the heavenly dome:


   

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Exact same article:
https://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/1333-flat-earth-not-a-segment-of-the-flat-earth-community-contend-that-a-dome-firmament-exists-over-the-earth-many-associate-the-occasional-rainbow-as-the-dome-itself


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Some Americans are ignorant and proud - 133 Flat Earthers Strike Back (lol epic best funny moments), by myworldisgettingdumber

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyIxnccCnZ0

   

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Flat Earther (The Globe Lie) fails physics 101 and makes a fool of himself again

It’s sad when folks claim to understand how our reality functions, but yet they have it wrong, and then drag other gullible people to the bottom with them.

If the following video, he shows a container with 7-ounces of oil on top of 5-ounces of water. He believes that since 7 is larger than 5 the oil should be on the bottom. Since it’s not, that is his proof that gravity is fictional.

   

But every science high school student knows that it’s about the DENSITY of liquids that matter in such an experiment.

Water sinks because it is more dense than oil

The key points are:

a) Since density is a characteristic property of a substance, each liquid has its own characteristic density.
b) The density of a liquid determines whether it will float on or sink in another liquid.
c) A liquid will float if it is less dense than the liquid it is placed in.
d) A liquid will sink if it is more dense than the liquid it is placed in.

   


Got that folks?


Exact same article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/910-the-globe-lie-flat-earther-fails-physics-101-and-makes-a-fool-of-himself-again

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The Logistics of Living in Antarctica, by Wendover Productions

Video is here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-s3j-ptJD10

   

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Americans grapple with recognizing facts in news stories: Pew survey, by Angela Moon

NEW YORK (Reuters) - Only a quarter of U.S. adults in a recent survey could fully identify factual statements - as opposed to opinion - in news stories, the Pew Research Center found in a study released on Monday.

The survey comes amid growing concerns about so-called fake news spread on the internet and social media. The term generally refers to fabricated news that has no basis in fact but is presented as being factually accurate.

Facebook Inc , Alphabet Inc's Google and other tech companies have recently come under scrutiny for failing to promptly tackle the problem of fake news as more Americans consume news on social media platforms.

The main portion of Pew's survey polled 5,035 adult Americans aged 18 and above in February and March. The study was intended to determine if respondents could differentiate between factual information and opinion statements in news stories.

Participants were given five factual statements such as "spending on Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid make up the largest portion of the U.S. federal budget," and five opinion statements such as "democracy is the greatest form of government." They were asked to identify which ones were factual and which were opinions.

Only 26 percent were able to correctly identify all five factual statements. On opinions, about 35 percent were able to correctly identify all five statements. Roughly a quarter got most or all wrong in identifying facts and opinions, the research showed.

The study found that participants' ability to classify statements as factual or opinion varied widely based on their political awareness, trust in the news media, and "digital savviness" or degree to which they are confident in using digital devices and the internet.

"There is a striking difference in certain Americans in distinguishing what are factual statements and what are not and that depends on one's level of digital savviness, political savviness," Amy Mitchell, director of journalism research at Pew Research Center, said in an interview.

The study also found that when Americans call a statement "factual" they overwhelmingly also think it is accurate. They tend to disagree with factual statements they incorrectly label as opinions, Pew said.

The research showed Republicans and Democrats were also more likely to think news statements are factual when the statements appeal to their side, even if the statements were opinions.

(Reporting by Angela Moon in New York; Editing by Matthew Lewis)

Read the same here - https://www.yahoo.com/news/americans-grapple-recognizing-facts-news-stories-pew-survey-140456645.html

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When you’re on a (supposed) Mission from God, you don’t answer to mere mortals


   

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The results of Politics + Pseudoscience in this age of disinformation

OR ... people just wanting to advance personal agendas regardless of the reality.

Welcome to The Convex Earth Newsletter 
(The official communication vehicle for updates and news about our research and discoveries)

   


The Brazilian Association of International Peace Forces of the United Nations (ABFIP-UN), through Dr. Walter Mello de Vargas, honored all Dakila researchers involved in researches and scientific experiments performed in the Convex Earth Documentary with the "Medal Heroes of the Six-Day War ". The Solemnity of Grant gathered diverse Civil and Military personalities, including several Colonels and Commanders.


   


This was the first time that a group of researchers received this Medal of Merit by ABFIP/UN. The Solemnity occurred on the last Wednesday, June 13th, 2018, in the City Hall of the Capital São Paulo/SP. The event was televised by the São Paulo City Hall and TVCH (Central of Abilities TV).

All the Researchers of Convex Earth - The Documentary who were honored, received Medals, Pins, Ribbon Bar and Diplomas, officiating the recognition for their work in bringing Humanity a fundamental research for science. Being a non-profit initiative, aiming to bring a knowledge without distortions to all people.


   

In this event, new partnerships have begun, so that we continue to propagate the true science and information about the world we live in.

With the unfolding of the Solemnity, some articles were published on sites such as O Estadão, TERRA and Agência O Globo, announcing this tribute. For those who want to watch the interviews and images of the ceremony, just follow our medias and our Convex Earth official website, which in the coming days will be making the content available in Portuguese, Spanish and English. 

UN peacekeepers award Brazilian researchers for scientific findings on Earth format

In recognition of the importance of the scientific experiments that prove that the Earth is not spherical but flat in the waters and convex in the continents, researchers and scientists of the Dakila Researches, authors of the study, were awarded this Wednesday in the City Hall of São Paulo (SP), by the Brazilian Association of the International Peace Forces of the UN (Abfip / NU). The 33 honorees received the Carlos Adalberto Cabo de Macedo Medal of Merit "Heroes of the Six Day War" along with diplomas and buttons. This was the first time the organization awarded medals in the scientific field.

According to the diploma received by the scientists, the honor instituted by Resolution ABFIP - 001/18 confers the commendation to the Dakila researchers for their meritorious performance with the Security Forces, praising the name of Brazil and for its dedication to the preservation of memory historical performance of the veterans of the Suez Battalion. "

The scientific experiments were released in the Convex Earth: The Documentary, released worldwide in March in 13 languages. Performed over seven years, the studies were carried out at different points in the world, with follow-up of government institutions and professionals from various segments of Brazil and other countries, such as astronomers, cartographers, geologists, surveyors and civil engineers.

According to Urandir Fernandes de Oliveira, president of Dakila Research, this commendation represents a victory not only of researchers and scientists who participated in the experiments, but of all humanity. "The purpose of our studies was to investigate the inconsistencies presented by science in relation to the shape of the Earth and the results overturned the thesis that it is spherical. Transmitting this information to humanity has not been easy because we have come up against paradigms and theories and laws of physics and mathematics that are wrong, but this recognition gives us even more breath to continue the search and dissemination of the truth, "says Oliveira.

During the ceremony, Abfip / UN President Walter Mello de Vargas said that this was the first step towards a partnership between the entity and the Dakila Research for the benefit of humanity. "We are united by the same goals, by different paths, but the goals are the same. Today is a special day for having your presence here, I hope it will be the first of many and that we will talk to plan many projects for good "says Vargas.

Convex Earth

Using last generation equipment, seven scientific experiments were carried out: geodesic, which consists of measuring two buildings with a wide distance, based on sea level; laser experiment to verify the flatness of the water; water leveling; Optical distortions related to reflexive processes; boat experiment on the horizon; experiments of gravity and celestial bodies.

The documentary, methodology and technology employed are available on the convexearth.org website. "We invite all scientists from all over the world to retake the scientific experiments to find out the results. We will provide all the necessary support," says Urandir Fernandes de Oliveira.

Our FlatEarthLunacy debunk of their entire experiment...
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/852-convex-earth-debunked-dakila-research-ctz-zigurats-technology-center-urandir-fernandes-de-oliveira

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The Salton Sea, California. June 12, 2018

   

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When Skeptics Meet Deniers - CFI Investigations Group tests Flat Earth claims, by Center for Inquiry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnrjdD08dWg

Even when flat Earthers are presented with irrefutable proof that the Earth is a globe, they still deny it!

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Correcting projectile targeting by taking into account the Earth’s rotation has long been a standard practice of the military


   

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Read more here - http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/826735.pdf

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US Navy: OP 770 -- RANGE TABLES FOR 16"/50 CALIBER GUN


   

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Read more here - http://www.eugeneleeslover.com/USN-GUNS-AND-RANGE-TABLES/OP-770-1.html

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To those flat Earth folks that also supported the conspiracy that CERN would create a black hole which would devour the Earth – that never happened. 

Upgrade to boost capacity of CERN’s giant particle smasher (Update)

   

Excerpt from the article...

A major upgrade began Friday for the world's most powerful proton smasher to increase the number of particle collisions inside the Large Hadron Collider and help further explore the fundamental building blocks of the universe.

The work involves heavy civil engineering at the LHC's two main sites in Switzerland and France which are run by Europe's physics lab CERN, that will allow it to operate in a high-luminosity mode from 2026.

"By 2026, this major upgrade will have considerably improved the performance of the LHC, by increasing the number of collisions in the large experiments and thus boosting the probability of the discovery of new physics phenomena," CERN said.

The aim is increase tenfold the amount of data which can be picked up by the LHC, which is housed in a 27-kilometre (17-mile) ring-shaped tunnel buried more than 100 metres underground that runs beneath the border of Switzerland and France.

The powerful accelerator, which began operating in 2010, smashes high-energy protons into each other at velocities near the speed of light.

These collisions generate new particles, giving physicists an unprecedented look at the laws of nature in the hope of better understanding particles and matter.

Until now, the LHC has been able to generate nearly a billion collisions per second but the so-called high-luminosity upgrade will allow it to increase the collision rate, thereby allowing for the accumulation of 10 times more data between 2026 and 2036.

"The High-Luminosity LHC will extend the LHC's reach beyond its initial mission, bringing new opportunities for discovery, measuring the properties of particles such as the Higgs Boson with greater precision, and exploring the fundamental constituents of the universe ever more profoundly," said CERN Director-General Fabiola Gianotti.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2018-06-cern-major-reap-atom-smasher.html

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Update: March 3, 2021

The Large Hadron Collider's official tally: 59 new Hadrons and counting, by Piotr Traczyk CERN (phys.org)

Excerpt:

How many new particles has the LHC discovered? The most widely known discovery is of course that of the Higgs boson. Less well known is the fact that, over the past 10 years, the LHC experiments have also found more than 50 new particles called hadrons. Coincidentally, the number 50 appears in the context of hadrons twice, as 2021 marks the 50th anniversary of hadron colliders: on 27 January 1971, two beams of protons collided for the first time in CERN's Intersecting Storage Rings accelerator, making it the first accelerator in history to produce collisions between two counter-rotating beams of hadrons.

So what are these new hadrons, which number 59 in total? Let's start at the beginning: hadrons are not elementary particles—physicists have known that since 1964, when Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig independently proposed what is known today as the quark model. This model established hadrons as composite particles made out of new types of elementary particles named quarks. But, in the same way as researchers are still discovering new isotopes more than 150 years after Dmitri Mendeleev established the periodic table, studies of possible composite states formed by quarks are still an active field in particle physics.

The reason for this lies with quantum chromodynamics, or QCD, the theory describing the strong interaction that holds quarks together inside hadrons. This interaction has several curious features, including the fact that the strength of the interaction does not diminish with distance, leading to a property called color confinement, which forbids the existence of free quarks outside of hadrons. These features make this theory mathematically very challenging; in fact, color confinement itself has not been proven analytically to this date. And we still have no way to predict exactly which combinations of quarks can form hadrons.

(Please read the article at the URL's posted above)

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The Himawari 8 Japanese geostationary satellite displays a new image of the Earth every 10-minutes

See it here for yourself at - https://himawari8.nict.go.jp/

   

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Earth from Space, by Wade's Underworld
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTKu-UB2vVQ

"Himawari 8 Satellite Timelapse collection: Volcanoes Eclipses Storms Land Sea & Ice This is a collection of custom made himawari 8 timelapses, made using the himawari real-time site. This video took an incredible amount of work, these clips are not auto generated, they are made from single images strung together to create video footage. 1 second of video equals about 10-15 images."


   


   

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So flat Earth advocates, is Japan’s JAXA Aerospace Exploration Agency that launches communication satellites and sends astronauts to the ISS, also infiltrated by the Free Masons & Jesuits who are intent on hiding reality as you claim?

Better think again.

   

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Article excerpt:

Japan made another addition to its constellation of reconnaissance satellites with the launch of the IGS Radar 6 satellite Tuesday. Riding to orbit atop an H-IIA rocket, the satellite lifted off at the start of a thirteen-minute, 57-second window that opened at 13:20:00 local time (04:20 UTC).

The Information Gathering Satellite (IGS) program - also known as Joho Shushu Eisei (JSE) – consists of optical and radar-imaging spacecraft in low Earth orbit. The satellites are operated by Japan’s Cabinet Satellite Intelligence Centre, which conducts intelligence gathering for the Japanese military. IGS is also used to support civilian disaster management operations.

IGS Radar 6, which was built by Mitsubishi Electric, is the sixteenth IGS satellite to launch – including both the radar and optical imaging branches of the constellation. Tuesday’s launch comes a little over three months after the previous IGS satellite, Optical 6, was carried to orbit by another H-IIA rocket.

Japan began the IGS program following North Korea’s failed launch of the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 satellite in August 1998, which saw the North Korean Paektusan rocket overfly Japan. While the launch itself was unsuccessful, it proved that North Korea was capable of firing missiles that could reach Japan, prompting a need for greater monitoring and awareness of potential threats.

The first two satellites – one optical and one radar – were launched on the fifth flight of the H-IIA rocket in March 2003. Another pair of satellites were planned to be deployed later the same year. However, the rocket carrying them was destroyed by range safety after one of its solid rocket boosters failed to separate.

Replacement optical and radar satellites were launched separately, in September 2006 and February 2007 respectively, with the radar satellite sharing its ride to orbit with a prototype second-generation optical IGS spacecraft. The first operational second-generation satellite, IGS Optical 3, was deployed in 2009. The optical component of IGS entered its third generation in 2015 with IGS Optical 5, while the IGS Optical 6 satellite launched earlier this year was also a third-generation spacecraft.

The radar-imaging satellites currently on orbit are of the type’s second generation: the first of which, IGS Radar 3, was launched in December 2011. Subsequent radar satellites were deployed in 2013, 2015 and 2017. Japan has not announced whether the Radar 6 satellite on Tuesday’s launch is a fifth second-generation spacecraft, or the first third-generation radar mission.



The complete article written by William Graham is here: 
https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/06/japans-h-iia-rocket-igs-radar-6-launch/

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NASA programs benefit all of humanity, so flat Earth folks please stop your lies, conspiracies and demonization.

The average person on the street has no clue about what NASA actually does.

People – wake up and get an education.  Stop being unconscious in your daily lives. 

* 

Here is a short list of NASA funded Life Science Research Results:


Plant actin cytoskeleton: New functions from old scaffold.
In: Sahi V, Baluška F, eds. Concepts in Cell Biology - History and Evolution. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 23. Chaum, Switzerland: Springer, 2018. p. 103-37.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-69944-8_6

Teamwork in healthcare: Key discoveries enabling safer, high-quality care.
Am Psychol. 2018 May-Jun;73(4):433-50.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792459

Effects of spaceflight and simulated microgravity on microbial growth and secondary metabolism.
Mil Med Res. 2018 May 14;5(1):18. Review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29807538

Effects of elevated H+ and Pi on the contractile mechanics of skeletal muscle fibres from young and old men: Implications for muscle fatigue in humans.
J Physiol. 2018 May 28. [Epub ahead of print]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29806714

β-Carotene prevents bone loss in hind limb unloading mice.
J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2018 May 25. [Article in Press]
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcbn/advpub/0/advpub_17-86/_article

Unrestricted evening use of light-emitting tablet computers delays self-selected bedtime and disrupts circadian timing and alertness.
Physiol Rep. 2018 May;6(10):e13692.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29845764

A modified MBR system with post advanced purification for domestic water supply system in 180-day CELSS: Construction, pollutant removal and water allocation.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Sep 15;222:37-43. Epub 2018 May 22.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29800863

Evaluating problem-solving teams in K-12 schools: Do they work?
Am Psychol. 2018 May-Jun;73(4):407-19.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29792457

Jang TY, Jung AY, Kwon S, Kim YHS. Hypergravity enhances the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone in allergic asthma and rhinitis animal model. PLoS One. 2018 May 17;13(5):e0197594.

Adami R, Pagano J, Colombo M, Platonova N, Recchia D, Chiaramonte R, Bottinelli R, Canepari M, Bottai D.Reduction of movement in neurological diseases: Effects on neural stem cells characteristics. Front Neurosci. 2018 May 23;12:336. Note: Hindlimb unloading study.

Balasingam M. Space medicine—The next frontier for the heart? Pertanika J Sci Technol. 2018 Apr;26(2):561-70. 

Preliminary female cervical spine injury risk curves from PMHS tests.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2018 Jul;83:143-7. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29709826

Molecular cytogenetics guides massively parallel sequencing of a radiation-induced chromosome translocation in human cells.
Radiat Res. 2018 May 11. [Epub ahead of print]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29749794

Chest ultrasonography in modern day extreme settings: From military setting and natural disasters to space flights and extreme sports.
Can Respir J. 2018 Mar 15;2018:8739704. Review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29736195

Radiation-induced cardiovascular toxicity: Mechanisms, prevention, and treatment.
Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2018 Mar 20;20(4):31. Review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29556748

Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on conduit artery blood flow, muscle oxygenation, and metabolic rate during handgrip exercise.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2018 May 3. [Epub ahead of print]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29722627

Galactic cosmic radiation induces persistent epigenome alterations relevant to human lung cancer.
Sci Rep. 2018 Apr 30;8(1):6709.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29712937

Maintaining the factory: The roles of the unfolded protein response in cellular homeostasis in plants.
Plant J. 2017 May;90(4):671-82. Review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27943485

Credibility, replicability, and reproducibility in simulation for biomedicine and clinical applications in neuroscience.
Front Neuroinform. 2018 Apr 16;12:18. Review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29713272

Relationship between motion sickness susceptibility and vestibulo-ocular reflex gain and phase.
J Vestib Res. 2018 Apr 18. [Epub ahead of print]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29689763

Micromechanics of root development in soil.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2018 Apr 16;51:18-25. Review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29674100

Functional properties of human muscle spindles.
J Neurophysiol. 2018 Apr 18. [Epub ahead of print] Review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29668385

Hypobaric conditions and retention of dental crowns luted with manually or automixed dental cements.
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018 May;89(5):446-52.
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asma/amhp/2018/00000089/00000005/art00007

Space Radiation and Astronaut Safety.
Chaum, Switzerland: Springer, published in collaboration with the International Space University, 2018. 122 p.
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-74615-9 

Using spectral shape and predictor fluence to evaluate temporal dependence of exposures from solar particle events.
Space Weather. 2017;15(2):374-91.
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2016SW001552

Mice lacking RIP3 kinase are not protected from acute radiation syndrome.
Radiat Res. 2018 Apr 10. [Epub ahead of print]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29634408

Investigation of blood biochemical indices during bicycle ergometry.
Hum Physiol. 2017 Dec;43(7):826-8.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS0362119717070064

A kindergarten-based child health promotion program: The adapted National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mission X for improving physical fitness in South Korea.
Glob Health Promot. 2018 Mar 1. [Epub ahead of print]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29570425

Tissue engineering under microgravity conditions-use of stem cells and specialized cells.
Stem Cells Dev. 2018 Mar 29. [Epub ahead of print] Review.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2959603

Ultrasound molecular imaging of atherosclerosis using small-peptide targeting ligands against endothelial markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Ultrasound Med Biol. 2018 Mar 13. [Epub ahead of print]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29548756

etc. 




Exact same article here... 
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/895-flat-earth-not-nasa-programs-benefit-all-of-humanity-so-flat-earth-folks-please-stop-your-lies-conspiracies-and-demonization

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Update: June 18, 2018    They have turned back on their video comments. 

Update: June 10, 2018

Globebusters has just deleted all prior comments left in their videos, and disabled comments going forward

As a primary conduit for FECORE news and presentations, this is quite telling.

The word is that Globebuster patrons were leaving nasty comments denouncing their channels continuing support of Patricia Steere and Mark Sargent.  There is broad disapproval of the (Steere/Sargent) documentary because it casts a "mockumentary" light on the flat Earth movement.

Globebusters main YouTube channel was hit by a community guidelines strike so they are unable to “live stream” on it until August 21^st. 

YouTube Community Guidelines strikes are issued when reviewers are notified of a violation of the Community Guidelines.
"This includes but is not limited to videos that contain nudity or sexual content, violent or graphic content, harmful or dangerous content, hateful content, threats, spam, misleading metadata, or scams."


   

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Gravity is FREE and it’s always there 

Gravity is the force that attracts two physical mass bodies toward each other.  

Gravity is infinite and extends throughout all of space. It diminishes as distance increases but is still present everywhere. 

The center of our gravity is the center of the Earth.  For us human beings we live on the surface (3,964 miles / 6,380 km) up where the force of attraction between our body and the Earth is (F = ma, where "m" is your mass and "a" = 9.8 m/sec/sec); sufficient to keep our feet firmly planted on the ground.

The farther from the Earth's center we go, the weaker is that gravitational force between us.

As you can see from the graph below, at about distance 7 * earth radius = 44,660 km = 4.466 x 10⁷ meters, the gravitational acceleration is nearing the (0.13 m/sec/sec) mark, which is practically nil.  

   

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A Lagrange point is a position where the gravity of two bodies cancel each other out.  Like a motionless parking spot in space.

For our (Earth - Moon) system L1 is located 326,054 km from the Earth.  For an object in space at that location, the gravitational attraction of the Earth is the same as the gravitational attraction of the Moon.  Since both gravitational attraction forces are equal and opposite, the object will not move. 

Since the Earth is much more massive that the Moon, it makes sense that the gravitational balance point is (326,054 / 384,400) = 84.8% of the distance from the Earth to the Moon.


   



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EVERYONE – See for yourself what our solar system planets really look like thru a small 102mm telescope.

So flat Earth folks, please stop posting your nonsense out-of-focus images.  


   

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Flat Earther ROTR trying to pass off this out-of-focus monstrosity pic as what the planet Venus looks like.  Why do these people blatantly lie?


 

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More complete and detailed article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/942-flat-earth-not-so-flat-earth-folks-please-stop-posting-your-deceitful-out-of-focus-planet-and-star-images

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Imaginary theories beyond physical possibility continue to populate the flat Earth community.

Karlee Midrano’s electric universe flat Earth model: not one person in the long history of the human race has ever seen the Sun in front of the Moon, which is a monthly happening in her presumption.  

The flat Earth motto “trust your senses” destroys her own credibility.

The theory has no basis in reality (physics/math/electromagnetism/gravity, etc.).

She has zero scientific training. Her theory is just an imaginary exercise of futility to support her emotional based belief system.

aka Karlee Sunshine defends her electric universe flat Earth theory by deleting opposition comments, rather than providing sound scientific proof.


   

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Related article here:
Karlee Sunshine (Karlee Midrano)

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Debunk by Martymer 81
Electric Gravity: Shockingly Bad Cosmology, by Martymer 81
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZhfU6OWDiY

Time to finally address the electric universe: a pseudoscientific model of cosmology according to which gravity does not exist, and everything we attribute to it is explained as a result of electromagnetic interactions. As I'm sure you'd expect, the only way to make this "work" is to make the explanations unfalsifiable, and to reject mainstream cosmology as a giant conspiracy. The more you know about general relativity and Big Bang cosmology, the more you'll need those facial protection oven mitts.



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Here is a prime example of how non-scientists and conspiracy theorists (SuspiciousObservers, Ben Davidson) publish fake and wrong interpretations.  The average person watching such videos may get convinced it's true - when it's not.

Beware.  What's presented on YouTube and social media is only as good as its source. 

   

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Nice DEBUNK video by David Rice (Deserphile) is here...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV7rTbrRgvk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yftoSDC4qGM


   


Original paper - Emission budgets and pathways consistent with limiting warming to 1.5^o C
https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo3031


Our same article here:
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/925-ben-davidson-suspicious0bservers-pseudoscientist-spreading-false-theories-and-misinformation

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Sir Isaac Newton showed that the laws of nature that operate on the Earth also operate the same way across our entire universe.

That completely destroyed that last vestige of a flat Earth scientific based challenge.


   


   


   

In 1686 Sir Isacc Newton presented his three laws of motion in the "Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis."

Newton worked in many areas of mathematics and physics. He developed the theory of gravitation in 1666, when he was only 23 years old. 

Newton's Laws of Motion help us to understand how objects behave when they are standing still, when they are moving, and when forces act upon them.

I. Objects in motion tend to stay in motion and objects at rest tend to stay at rest, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

First Law of Motion is also known as the Law of Inertia.  Inertia is a quality of all objects made of matter that possess mass.

They keep doing what they are doing until a force changes their speed or direction. A ball sitting still on a table won't start rolling around unless something pushes on it, be it your hand, a gust of air, or vibrations from the surface of the table. If you tossed a ball in the frictionless vacuum of space, it would travel on at the same speed and direction forever unless acted on by gravity or another force such as a collision.

Mass is a measure of inertia. Objects of higher mass resist changes in motion more than objects of lower mass. A more massive ball, such as one made of lead, will take more of a push to start it rolling. A styrofoam ball of the same size but low mass may be set in motion by a puff of air.

If an object is in constant circular motion, we refer to the moment of inertia.


   

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II.  The second law states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force applied, and this change in momentum takes place in the direction of the applied force.

The relationship between an object's mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma. Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being displayed in slant bold font); in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.


   

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III. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.  This is why rockets that create thrust move in the vacuum of space.


   


So why the flat Earth movement today?

They are people held back by deep emotions and beliefs, therefore unable to let go and fit into our 21st century reality.


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If the Sun is only a light in the sky as claimed by flat Earth advocates, why does it have a coronal atmosphere shooting out jets of high energy plasma at 20,000° Celsius? 


   

Excerpts from the Science News article…

LEESBURG, Va. — Astronomers watching the 2017 solar eclipse from the ground and from the air witnessed new, tantalizing features of the sun’s outer atmosphere.

Three teams have recently presented their first science results from the Great American Eclipse. Combined, the findings could help disentangle lingering solar puzzles, such as how bursts of plasma leave the sun, why the outer atmosphere, the solar corona, is so well organized and what is the nature of the corona’s magnetic field.

While thousands of eclipse watchers gathered across the country last August armed with special glasses and cameras, solar physicists Adalbert Ding and Shadia Habbal and their colleagues set up a specially designed spectrometer in Mitchell, Ore. (That was one of four sites from which their team monitored the eclipse.) The team had used an earlier version of the instrument, which takes in specific wavelengths of light that can trace different coronal temperatures, to watch a solar eclipse in March 2015 from Svalbard, Norway.

In both 2015 and 2017, the scientists observed evidence of relatively cool blobs of gas embedded in hot plasma in the outer corona. (The sun’s surface simmers at about 6000° Celsius, but its corona roasts at millions of degrees — and no one knows why.) Ding, of the Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics in Berlin, and Habbal, of the University of Hawaii in Honolulu, measured wavelengths of light emitted by atoms and charged particles called ions in the corona, as a proxy for the plasma’s heat.


   

To the researchers’ astonishment, they saw blobs of plasma during both eclipses that had maintained temperatures as low as 20,000° C embedded within material in the corona that was as hot as 3.7 million degrees Celsius, Ding said at the Triennial Earth-Sun Summit on May 23. “We were very surprised,” Ding says. He thinks the cooler material may be trapped within plasma bubbles and can’t get out. “The stunning thing is that they survive.”

The team also measured solar material’s Doppler shift, or the change in wavelength as the material moved toward or away from Earth. The shifts suggested that the scientists had caught a huge bubble of plasma erupting off the sun's surface and fleeing out into space in 2015 (SN Online: 6/16/17). At the time, they thought seeing such an explosion, called a coronal mass ejection, was just luck.

If so, their luck held for the 2017 eclipse. The researchers haven’t finished processing all of their data yet, but preliminary results showed uncharged hyrdrogen and helium atoms fleeing the sun as far out as 3.5 solar radii from the edge of the sun’s bright disk, at speeds of about 600 kilometers per second.

In another talk at the meeting, solar physicist Amir Caspi of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo., presented results from a different vantage point: a WB-57F aircraft flying at about 15 kilometers in altitude.

Caspi’s team was trying to see signs of magnetic waves called Alfvén waves rippling through the outer corona. Simulations of the plasma in the corona “lead you to this Velcro-looking thing, a tangled snarled mess,” Caspi said. “In fact, that’s not what we see.” Alfvén waves could smooth out the snarls, which could help explain ehy the material there is so neatly organized (SN Online: 8/17/17). What’s more, the waves may contribute to the mysterious coronal heating. So Caspi’s colleagues flew telescopes on a pair of NASA’s high-altitude aircraft during the eclipse to look for these waves.

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/astronomers-2017-solar-eclipse-results

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Flat Earthers often ask, are you ready to trust your senses or just believe whatever others tell you?

But in our real world it's not as black and white as that.     

For example, I stopped a man on the street and asked, "what is farther away – the Moon or the city of Chicago?" 

After thinking for some time he responded “Chicago is farther away.” 

I then asked him why, and to my astonishment he said “because I can see the Moon but I can’t see Chicago from here!”

Case in point.

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If stars and planets are plastered to a heavenly DOME that spins around a stationary Earth once every 24-hours as most flat Earth contenders believe, then why do the planets change so radically in apparent size (get bigger and smaller) in the sky over time? 

Answer = there is no DOME and planets orbit the sun just like the Earth.

During that cycle when the (Earth - Planet) distance is less, the apparent size of the planet in the sky is bigger.  When the (Earth - Planet) distance is more, the apparent size of the planet in the sky is smaller.

Take for instance the planet Venus.  Go outside with a 6-inch telescope in May 2018 and then again in November 2018, to see for yourself the reality of apparent size change as related to distance.

The planet Venus varies from 9.67 arc seconds to 63 arc seconds.


   

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Reference:
https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/planets/distance

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Karen B Endecott (FECORE) now advocating positive thinking and mood making (ASMR) to help flat Earthers shake off their self-created stress from having to resist the truth of real science in their lives   

Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) is a term used for an experience characterized by a static-like or tingling sensation on the skin that typically begins on the scalp and moves down the back of the neck and upper spine. It has been compared with auditory-tactile synesthesia. ASMR signifies the subjective experience of "low-grade euphoria" characterized by "a combination of positive feelings and a distinct static-like tingling sensation on the skin". It is most commonly triggered by specific auditory or visual stimuli, and less commonly by intentional attention control.

Although the term ASMR may sound very technical, there’s actually no good science or research behind the phenomenon. The term is believed to have been coined in 2010 by Jennifer Allen, who started a Facebook group dedicated to finding out more about it. The term quickly caught on, as people finally had a way to reference the pleasurable feeling they had been experiencing.


   

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Iru Landucci (FECORE affiliate) raised $2,725 for a balloon launch that he now says is postponed until September

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Update: October 19, 2018

The balloon launch did not happen in September as promised.  Iru Landucci has not mentioned why, or given any explanation about what will happen with the money collected for it.

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Directo on the Nuevo Canal // Temas Varios
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kceYKuP1Pr0&feature=youtu.be&t=7681

The balloon launch was to occur in April 2018, but the government of Argentina will not issue him a permit to launch.  Now the advertisement video is gone and ($2,725 - $2,356) = $369 has disappeared from the account.


   

Complete article here...
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/839-iru-landucci-fecore-affiliate


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Threats of litigation have been cast on us by Einar Kuusk...


   


Complete article here...
http://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/757-einar-kuusk

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The flat Earth electric universe concept is BOLLOCKS!  

Here George Hnatiuk shows using physics and math how the force of Gravity is 1-million times stronger than any Earth - Sun electrosatic force.  


   

His video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGdl5s1XojE

The electrostatic force needed to hold the Earth in orbit around the Sun = 3.94 x 10¹⁶ newtons, without electric discharges in the atmosphere.

Using Newton’s Law of Gravity, that current gravitational force holding the Earth in orbit around the Sun = 3.549 x 10²² newtons.

Summary - the gravitational force is 10⁶ times greater (1-million) than the max electrostatic force between the Earth and the Sun.

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Karen B. Endecott of FECORE has now transitioned to making videos that are lies and 100% purposeful deceit.  No longer trying to misrepresent science.  Now just making stuff up.  What a bad move.

The video - Sun Spots Debunk Heliocentricity - is a fabrication of pretend with no source data (the pictures she cites) ever presented.  I would not have imagined Karen stooping to these down right lies.  They use this made up grid to help explain their viewpoint.  But that grid is not an actual mapping of any real data.  It's fictional.  Reality is that sunspots do not move as shown by it.

Fact check:
North - south is not represented on the grid.  The 0 at the top and botton are not north / south markers.  The grid only shows east / west directions.

Fact check:
Pointer rotates clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counter clockwise (they show that) in the southern hemisphere.  But that cannot happen on a flat Earth.

Fact check:
No spiral in toward the center of the grid and spiralling out.  That is just fiction and her part.

Summary: They actually debunked the flat Earth Sun without knowing it.


   

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What we have learned about the psychology of flat Earth advocates... 

They have a 1 dimensional line of thought. 

Their irrational beliefs are only supported by an irrational defense.  

They readily utilize the power of pretend. 

They ignore the evidence that proves then wrong. 

They are fools who too readily accept improbably claims from questionable sources on insufficient evidence. 

They don't have the first clue, and they don't want one either.

They don't want to understand how we know what we know.

They don't want to know that we know anything that they don't want to believe.

They don't want to know for themselves because of course they don't want to believe it.

They don't want to know what's really true if it's not what they want to believe.

They want to remain willfully ignorant, although they don't think that they are.

They are determined not to be swayed by verifiable scientific fact.

They support a belief system based on credulity, confirmation bias, and anything but critical and rational thought.

Their reality does not conform to the current scientific position, and they don't care.

They have a deep seated emotional need to believe.

Any excuse will do as long as they don't have to admit that they are wrong.

According to them, the Scriptures are the only source of truth in our world.  The Bible is true while the whole of reality is a lie. 

But on the other hand , for globe Earth realists...

Blind faith is an irrational position. 

Rational people understand that what we believe is not a matter of choice.  We accept what the evidence compels us to believe, regardless of what we might have preferred to be true. 

Psychiatrist definition of delusion = a fixed false belief that will not change despite evidence to the contrary. 

We have an obligation to teach only what we can show to be only actually factually correct, without apology for those who wish to deny reality.

... and that's why this Blog is here.  

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A favorite flat Earth YouTube hangout live-stream tactic...


   


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VoysovReason nicely explains and debunks flat Earth airplane fallacies


   

VoysovReason

Published on May 14, 2018

Flat earthers have lots of questions about how airplanes can work on a spinning spherical earth, that they seem to think cannot be answered. Well of course these questions are based on misconceptions, and are easy to answer, when you understand some simple scientific principles, and the physical forces involved.

Here are the common flat earth airplane questions addressed in this video.

1. Why does it take the same time to fly east as it does west if the earth is spinning at 1000 mph?
2. How can a plane land going north or south, if the earth is spinning sideways at 1000 mph?
3. Why doesn’t a plane have to dip it’s nose to follow the curve of the earth?
4. Why did a plane flying from Taiwan to Los Angeles make an emergency landing in Alaska?
5. Why do all intercontinental flights in the southern hemisphere make “fueling stops” in the northern hemisphere?
6. How can gyroscopic artificial horizons work if the plane is curving around the earth? Why don’t they roll backwards?

This video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPDCfV19UWM

Sources: Flat Earth - Time lapse of Artificial Horizon self corrections - Pt 1a.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bUM2KVKgb8

Flat Earth - A look inside the Artificial Horizon - Pendulous Vanes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1QGRPVBZvw

The flat earth is debunked. Here are other videos in the Flat Earth Falsities series:

Why are there no stars?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCfsLrLPVqs

Oblate Pear Earth?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sFdw_DNTZtY

"Flat Earth in 5 Minutes" Debunked
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbVmM9ymjxA

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If not flat, then maybe square will do?


   

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Developing story...

FECORE Lake Balaton 118-page official research document just published (May 7, 2018). 

Update: They are BUSTED.  Major error found and revealed below!

We will review that document and start to point out their experimental testing errors over the next week or two.

We will publish for the first time our review and critique of the Lake Ijssel Netherlands test.

PS - I apologize for having to present this entire analysis in segments.  Here at FlatEarthLunacy we have several contributing writers but only ONE EDITOR -> Jonah.  Therefore, it takes a bit of time to complete.  Thanks for your understanding. 

STAY TUNED FOR MORE INFORMATION AND ANALYSIS.


   


   

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Abstract:

The FECORE team did not attempt to prove that the Earth is flat at Lake Balaton. 

During the entire course of the experiment they did not use any of the standard Geodetic survey tools; such as an internationally approved Theodolite/Auto level, GPS tracker, level staff, ranging rod, retro-reflector and surveyor’s tripod.

They did not place level staffs or sighting targets at various marker points along the Lake Balaton shoreline, to demonstration progressive tracking of Earth flatness over length.

They did not stake laser reflectors at various locations along the shoreline, and target them with a laser beam to demonstrate that the beam is truly pointed parallel to the water's surface over distance.  That is a primary requirement to corroborate flatness.   

The FECORE team did however, attempt thru a single measurement, to imply "proof by contradiction." 

Proof by contradiction is a form of indirect proof, that establishes the truth or validity of a proposition. It starts by assuming that the opposite proposition is true, and then shows that such an assumption leads to a contradiction.

The error in this type of approach is the "assumption" that the Earth can only have two possible valid shapes - either flat or spherical.  Attempting to prove that the Earth is not spherical, does not authenticate that the Earth is flat.  And other flat Earth supporters willingly testify that the Earth is concave, convex, or undoubtedly a flat plane with as yet unmeasured total dimensions.  

The shore-to-shore laser test should not have been wrapped up at the 12-km distance mark.  Data at 12-km is not conclusive.  That is around the FUZZY distance where, a) optical refraction, b) no precise measurements of source and target height above the water line, and c) no exact distance between source and target established - create a situation where a few meters can be argued about back and forth.  
This is what they delivered, and why their claim will forever be in dispute.    

To definitively prove flatness shore-to-shore measurements at 20-km, 30-km, 40-km, 50-km, 60-km and further are required.  But FECORE did not render that.

Major error found:

Busted - Based on the elevation measurement that Google Earth Pro provides (via most accurate WGS 84 datum), and their location coordinates (latitude & longitude),

Balatonvilagos test position: 
Latitude =    North 46^o 58’ 55.55” or 46.9820972222222^o
Longitude = East 18^o 9’ 44.37”     or   18.162325^o
Elevation above sea level per WGS 84 datum = 336 feet
This position is already 8-feet above the Lake Balaton water level line, not at the water level as they claim.

Siofok test position:
Latitude =    North 46^o 54’ 42.13”   or   46.9117027777778^o
Longitude = East 18^o 2’ 40.18”      or   18.0444944444444^o
Elevation above sea level per WGS 84 datum = 328 feet

Lake Balaton elevation above sea level per GPS/Google Earth/WGS 84 datum = 328 feet     

... the real elevation of the BLUE laser at Balatonvilagos for the 12-km test is 336-feet plus tripod length above sea level.

That is 336 - 328 = 8 feet above the Lake Balaton water line.  NOT THE the 4.92 feet (1.5 meters) that FECORE claimed and used for their curved earth calculations.

Actual BLUE laser height above the water line is (8 + 4.92) = 12.92 feet

See “Lake Balaton Discrepancy 3:” listed below.

Major logical fallacy:

GPS uses satellites that all other flat Earth proponents insist do not exist.  Yet the FECORE team accepted the GPS, Google Earth and WGS 84 map datum in order to establish location, separation distance, and elevation of their laser and observers for calculations.  Then later they claim (see below) that the WGS 84 datum is wrong and the Earth is flat.  That is a major contradiction of logic (you can't have it both ways) and casts doubt on their entire experiment.


   

FECORE document is here:
https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AKqnM8CLz15joeg&id=EE4552DBA7C55E9F%21119&cid=EE4552DBA7C55E9F


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Lake Balaton Discrepancy 1:

The following advertised goals were all missed:

The World's First, A Test Like No Other
The Most Sophisticated Long Distance Laser Experiment in History

FECORE declares success with their 12-km Lake Balaton test (not 67-km as advertised).

Or, how to disguise failure as success.  

   


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Lake Balaton Discrepancy 2:     

The much advertised SALAD (Super Accurate Laser Aiming Device, their own made up name) green laser was not used for the Lake Balaton 12-km test because they broke it beforehand.  It was very cold - so they used a heating blanket to warm up the laser and some lenses cracked.  

They mounted that laser on a rail system that could (as they claim) be aimed accurately (up, down, right & left). They also claim that software changes allow them to point the laser directly at a distance location - based on latitude & longitude.

The laser system itself does not have auto-horizon leveling capability, as do surveying Theodolites and simple Dumpy Levels. 

That's all.

No automatic or accurate instrumentation measurement or guarantee at what height the laser beam is actually above the water line.  And even with its laser collimators the beam still does not remain pencil thin over distance.


   


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This green laser never left the terrace of the Waberer's Club Hotel.  It was never placed in the water as promised and shown below. 

They advertised that this was a 3-watt laser.  But in reality they only bought a 1-watt green laser from goldlaser.hu, as confirmed by our email from them listed below.

Goldlaser.hu specializes in lasers for light shows.  


   


   



This green SALAD laser was test fired from the terrace (as shown below) before the actual 12-km experiment day. 

Mounted on rails it's heavy and not easy to move.

The Hotel terrace is many meters above Lake Balaton's water line level. 


   



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Lake Balaton Discrepancy 3:

Bomb Shell - We found the big mistake, that invalidates the conclusions they reached in the 12-km test.

Here we will now show, based on the data in their document, that they made mistakes and how that led them to incorrect experiment conclusions.

Here are the two defined locations; a) where the BLUE laser is, and b) where the observers are. 

Based on the latitude & longitude of both positions (Balatonvilagos & Siofok) as they hereby supplied...


   


According to Google Earth Pro, here both locations are identified...


   


Distance line between both sites...


   


Lake Balaton is 328-feet consistently above sea level, from shore to shore.  

That's because over distance water curves to follow the shape of the Earth, since the center of gravity always points directly downward at all locations.


   

Major error found:

Busted - Based on the height measurement that Google Earth Pro provides (via the most accurate WGS 84 datum), the real elevation of the BLUE laser position is 336-feet above sea level plus tripod.

That is 336 - 328 = 8 feet above the water line.  Not the 4.92 feet (1.5 meters) that FECORE claimed and used for their curved earth calculations.

This begs the question whether this was an honest mistake or not. 

Notice that the laser is positioned on an incline.  With 30+ mph winds blowing in that direction and snow accumulating on the incline, it could have been visually mistaken that the water line was closer than it really was.  We were not there.

Notice the 336 ft elevation signature on the picture below directly above the laser (yellow-pinned) location, and also on the topological profile at the bottom.

Balatonvilagos test position: 
Latitude =    North 46^o 58’ 55.55” or 46.9820972222222^o
Longitude = East 18^o 9’ 44.37”     or   18.162325^o
Elevation above sea level per WGS 84 datum = 336 feet
This position is already 8-feet above the Lake Balaton water level line

Siofok test position:
Latitude =    North 46^o 54’ 42.13”   or   46.9117027777778^o
Longitude = East 18^o 2’ 40.18”      or   18.0444944444444^o
Elevation above sea level per WGS 84 datum = 328 feet

Lake Balaton elevation above sea level per GPS/Google Earth/WGS 84 datum = 328 feet

   


   


   


   


Here are the correct calculations:

Proceeding from the exact latitude & longitude of the laser position given by FECORE, the height of the laser above the water level is:

336 feet (elevation of the laser per Google Map Pro) - 328  feet (lake water level) + 4.92 (1 meter laser tripod additional height) = 12.92 feet above the water line length. 

Observer height = 3.8 feet (1.158 meters) 

Distance of 11.8 km = 7.33 miles


    



With refraction = hidden amount of 3.8 feet (1.158 meters) which is within 1-foot of the FECORE claim that the laser was seen at 2.79 feet (1.6 meters).  That is well within standard deviation and (±) error accuracy.

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BUT there is good reason to believe that their 2.79 feet (1.6 meters) claim is not correct...

Based on the February 26, 2018 right bottom insert below, the blue laser is seen from some height ABOVE THE TOP of the levy walkway.  That is not the 2.79 feet (1.6 meters) position that they advertised. 

Also notice the thick layer of snow over the Lake.  

Note also that FECORE never showed any cameras, people or detection devices sitting in the water (or snow) at the Siofok levy just 2.79 feet (1.6 meters) above the surface to intercept and record the blue laser beam image. 

Based on their photo below, if they did venture out, the thickness of the ice adds to their height above the water line, further making their claim of 2.79 feet (1.6 meters) less correct.  They should have drilled a hole in the ice to measure its thickness and correctly locate the water line.  They did not do that. 

They simple made the 2.79 feet (1.6 meters) statement.  That is not how evidence should be supplied for public corroboration and approval.

The February 26, 2018 right bottom insert IS NOT PROOF that the blue laser WAS SEEN AT 2.79 feet (1.6 meters) as they claimed. 


   


   

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Lake Balaton Discrepancy 4:     THIS SECTION STILL IN DEVELOPMENT - NOT FINISHED

Demistifying what they are trying to say.  First some terms to learn:

What is undulation of geoid?

Undulation of the geoid is the height of the geoid relative to a given ellipsoid of reference. In maps and common use the height over the mean sea level (such as orthometric height) is used to indicate the height of elevations while the ellipsoidal height results from the GPS system.

Why is the Earth described as a geoid?

A depiction of the United States geoid. Areas in yellow and orange have a slightly stronger gravity field as a result of the Rocky Mountains. While we often think of the earth as a sphere, our planet is actually very bumpy and irregular. ... These variations determine the shape of the planet's liquid environment.

What is a geoid in GIS?

The geoid is defined as the surface of the earth's gravity field, which approximates mean sea level. It is perpendicular to the direction of gravity pull. Since the mass of the Earth is not uniform at all points, the magnitude of gravity varies, and the shape of the geoid is irregular.

What is the relationship between the geoid and ellipsoid?

The Geoid is a model of the Earth's surface that represents the mean global sea level. Its shape passes through the Earth's crust and is determined from data collected all over the world about the Earth's gravity field. The vertical distance between the geoid and the ellipsoid is called the geoid height.

What is the meaning of WGS 84?

WGS 84 is the standard U.S. Department of Defense definition of a global reference system for geospatial information and is the reference system for the Global Positioning System (GPS). It is compatible with the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS).

Undulation of the geoid is the mathematical process of determining the height in meters above the geoid (relative to the mean sea level) from the height provided by the GPS system which uses the (WGS84).

The geoid is essentially a map of where the Earth's gravity is all equal.

The strength of gravity at any particular location on the Earth has been shown to change with time, depending upon changes in the Earth core structure.

Our planet is round, but not completely spherical. Its shape is that of an ellipse, slight flattened at the poles and slightly bulging at the equator.

The geoid is a model of the Earth’s surface that represents the mean global sea level. Its shape passes through the Earth’s crust and is determined from data collected all over the world about the Earth’s gravity field. The vertical distance between the geoid and the ellipsoid is called the geoid height.


   

   


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Lake Balaton Discrepancy 5:    THIS SECTION STILL IN DEVELOPMENT - NOT FINISHED 


   


   

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Calculating the atmospheric index of refraction is not one simple calculation. It's an iterative calculous issue taking into account the changing atmospheric density verses elevation.

But this is the atmospheric reality for our globe Earth, where the atmosphere curves with the surface.

Where is your refraction atmospheric model for a flat Earth?  I have never seen one.    

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Lake Balaton Discrepancy 6:     THIS SECTION STILL IN DEVELOPMENT - NOT FINISHED 

Let's talk correctly about atmospheric refraction.

Refraction is caused by two effects. First, light likes to travel on the path that gets to the observer in the minimum time. (Light is, after all, the fastest thing in the Universe, so you wouldn't expect it would like to take a longer path than it had to, right?)

The speed of light is the speed of light in a vacuum divided by the index of refraction. Second, the index of refraction of the atmosphere depends on atmospheric pressure and amount of water present, which change with height in the atmosphere. Therefore, light actually travels on a curved path in the atmosphere from one object to another. The path goes higher than the straight-line distance in order to take advantage of the faster speed higher in the atmosphere. Because the path is so curved, the observer must always look a bit higher to see the light rays coming back down from that higher elevation.

Clearly refraction must depend on some power of the distance. If you are observing something close by, light can't get to you any quicker by travelling very far upward. However, if you are far away from an object, light can take advantage of the faster speed at higher elevation and deviate more significantly from a straight line.

So .  


   

   

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Lake Balaton Discrepancy 7:    THIS SECTION STILL IN DEVELOPMENT - NOT FINISHED 

This laser position from the terrace of Hotel xx is obviously much higher than the 1.5 meters above water level as advertised.

For this test, the BLUE laser was at Siofok () and held at 1.5 meters above the water line.

The folks looking for this laser light was at Balatonvilagos () at 1.6 meters (5.25 feet) above the water line.  But remember that at Balatonvilagos what they mistook as the water line was really sea level elevation of 336 feet - 8 feet above the true water line, 

So their true position was 8 + 5.25 = 13.25 feet (4.04 meter) above the water line.


   


   


   



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Airplane window construction reveals why no one should say "why no curvature" at 35,000 feet

Modern day commercial jet liners fly at around 35,000 feet elevation.   The advantages of flight at that height offers less air resistance (so can travel faster) and less air turbulence (a more comfortable ride). 

But there is trade off since temperature and air-pressure need to be contended with.

At 35,000 feet. (11,000 m) the air pressure drops to less than a quarter of its value at sea level, and the outside temperature drops below negative 60 degrees Fahrenheit (negative 51 degrees Celsius).

That's why a heated and pressurized cabin is needed.

The original airplane windows on the de Havilland Comet 1950 were SQUARE and broke under the strain of differential air pressure and temperature.  The square windows were deemed to be the cause of 2 crashes and loss of passenger life. 

So rounded windows are now in use.  There are multiple plastic panes along with a small "breather" hole to allow for pressure equalization.

The reason that Earth curvature is not readily seen at 35,000 feet, is because of three factors:

a) the degree of curvature at that height is extremely small = 3.3 degrees

curvature at 45,000 feet = 3.8 degrees
curvature at 55,000 feet = 4.2 degrees 
curvature at 75,000 feet = 4.9 degrees 
curvature at 100,000 feet = 5.6 degrees

Get the idea - how small it is? 

b) Field of view - from the airplane window is too small.

c) Weather - when there are lots of clouds and high humidity, the horizon line is not sharp and distinct, causing its identification to be in question.

Extending your arm can be rather difficult in an airplane seat, but these are generally useful methods of estimating angles and degree of view, to quickly assess horizon curvature, the apparent size of Sun / Moon, colored rings or other optical displays.

Angles can be estimated surprisingly well with an outstretched arm: approximately 22° between an extended thumb and little finger, 15° between index finger and little finger, 10° across your closed fist, 5° across your three middle fingers held together, and 1° across the short axis of your extended index finger.


   

Summary - curvature is present at 35,000 feet but is so small (only 3.3 degrees) you need a passenger window that has a much wider (180 degrees would be nice) field of view.   

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Can you see curvature in the below picture?


   

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FIG. 3 shows a cross-section through the cabin window 4. The inner window pane 6 is substantially an interior finish component of the passenger cabin 1 and thus is flush with or smoothly transitions to the interior cabin paneling 11, while the outer window pane is substantially flush with the outer skin 12 of the fuselage. Thus, the spacing distance between the outer pane 5 and the inner pane 6 is substantially determined by the structural depth between the fuselage outer skin 12 and the interior cabin paneling 11 of the passenger cabin 1.

   

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