NASA’s attempt to thwap an asteroid by crashing a spacecraft into it has succeeded spectacularly, changing the rock’s motion through space significantly and offering promise that this still-experimental technique could someday be applied as a practical form of planetary defense, agency officials said Tuesday.
The Double Asteroid Redirection Test was just that — a test. The targeted asteroid, named Dimorphos, posed no threat. It won’t come within 4 million miles of Earth at any point in the foreseeable future. Dimorphos orbits a larger asteroid named Didymos. Both were circling the sun about 7 million miles from Earth when the DART spacecraft took aim on the evening of Sept. 26.
DART is NASA’s first “planetary defense” mission. The goal was to test whether this technique, called a kinetic impactor, would deliver enough of a punch to a speeding space rock to knock it significantly off course.
NASA crashes spacecraft into asteroid, passing planetary defense test
It did. Before DART’s arrival, Dimorphos orbited Didymos in 11 hours and 55 minutes. Then: Blam! The newly calculated orbit: 11 hours and 23 minutes.
That 32-minute change in the orbital period was at the high end of a range of estimated outcomes, NASA’s head of planetary science, Lori Glaze, said. DART surpassed the agency’s minimum benchmark for a successful mission by more than 25 times.
“We showed the world NASA is serious as a defender of this planet,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson.
The mission “felt like a movie plot,” he said. “But this was not Hollywood.”
How it works: NASA hopes to hit an asteroid now in case we really need to knock one away later
Despite the enthusiasm emanating from NASA officials, there is not a fully developed system for intercepting asteroids. The key to planetary defense is finding potentially hazardous asteroids long before they cross Earth’s path. Astronomers can calculate whether they are on a trajectory to strike the planet.
“You gotta know they’re coming,” Glaze said.
The idea of a kinetic impactor is to give a hazardous asteroid a nudge many years before its anticipated impact with Earth. This is not a last-minute technique for saving the world.
“We really need to have that warning time for a technique like this to be effective,” said Nancy Chabot, DART coordination lead at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, which handled the mission under a NASA contract.
(Please read the entre article posted in the URL above)
Our blog postings that DEBUNK the Flat Earth Conspiracy
Stand up for science and humanity.
News Announcements:
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SPECIAL:
February 1, 2023:
The bench trial against Jacob Vigil has concluded.
Ohio Common Pleas Court Judge Becky L. Doherty has found Jacob Vigil GUILTY of all countersuit charges prosecuted in the case (2022CV0032); Trademark Infringment, False Designation of Origin, Copywrite Infringment, Trade Libel & Defamation.
Jacob Vigil (aka Tim Ozman, Infinite Plane Society/Radio/Media) has been found guilty of pathelogical lying and is the biggest flat earth LOOSER in history.
Vigil has been ordered to pay compensatory damages to John Kirszenberg for losing this lawsuit; Compensatory damages reach up into the thousands of dollars (amounts to be listed soon) are owed to John Kirszenberg (JonahTheScientist at FlatEarthLunacy).
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Posted January 2, 2023
The Moon Hoax that Fooled the World - 1835 (BBC REAL)
https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0d9wxy9/the-great-moon-hoax-that-fooled-the-world
The Moon and Space Exploration are magnets for fake news. August 2022 a prominent French physicist discovers a star later admits it was a piece of chorizo. July 1969. Man lands on the moon. Or didn't, according to conspiracy theorists.
But before any of this, it was August, 1835 that launched the most imaginative moon hoax of them all. And it was at this time, when the world looked up at the moon, they saw an entirely new lunar landscape that it was believed would change humanity as we know it.
Video by Kirsty B Carter & Joe Harrison
Commissioning Editor: Dan John
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Posted on December 31, 2022
CERN Highlights 2022
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TM2jD0PQOfE
Highlights of the year at #CERN, from the record-breaking start of #LHCRun3 to great particle #physics results and much more. Watch this video and enjoy a visual journey through key moments of 2022!
Chapters
00:10 - Accelerators
01:15 - Physics
02:42 - Computing
03:14 -At CERN
04:00 - Knowledge Sharing
Contributors
Produced by: CERN Editorial Content Production Director: Chetna Krishna
Co-editor: Piotr Traczyk Text: Paola Catapano, Ana Lopes and Noemi Zahira Dinmore
Digital Editor: Kate Kahle Music:
Time to Move by VESHZA https://artlist.io/song/13453/time-to...
Copyright © 2022 CERN. Terms of use: http://copyright.web.cern.ch/
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Posted on December 27, 2022
Santa proves Earth is not a wobblig space ball
santa ,porves earth not a wobbling space ball, by MCToon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1gTu6C4llo
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Posted on December 23, 2022
Simple observations of the Moon debunk flat Earth Claims
How to silence a flat Earther, by Dave McKeegan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4u4N-GWfXI
1 - The Moon is round ball (watch the curved shadow cast on it).
2 - From any given time of the year, from anywhere in the world, the Moon always appears the same size.
3 - From any spot on the Earth, you watch the Moon thru the night, will always stay the same size from your vantage point.
4 - Despite the Moon being a sphere, we only ever see the same face (no matter where you are in the world).
5 - Despite the fact that we all only see one face of the Moon, the orientation of that face changes depending on where you are viewing it from. More specifically, it changes depending on your latitude on the Earth.
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Posted on December 13, 2022
Major first time breakthrough in nuclear fusion research - generating more energy than putting into it.
Breakthrough in nuclear fusion raises hopes for unlimited clean energy source, by DW News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfP-eFbdrjM
The US Department of Energy announced a major breakthrough in nuclear fusion technology on Tuesday. Scientists at the California-based Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's National Ignition Facility (NIF) successfully generated a "net energy gain" using nuclear fusion in a lab for the first time. "This is a landmark achievement for the researchers and staff at the National Ignition Facility who have dedicated their careers to seeing fusion ignition become a reality, and this milestone will undoubtedly spark even more discovery,” said US Secretary of Energy Jennifer M. Granholm. For decades, scientists have pumped more energy into experimental fusion reactors than the total new energy created in the process. This setback has made nuclear fission — not fusion — the default preference in the pursuit of limitless, zero-carbon power, despite its health and safety risks. On December 5, 2022, NIF scientists conducted the first controlled fusion experiment in history in which more energy was produced from fusion than the laser energy used to drive it.
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Nuclear fusion researchers have achieved historic energy milestone, by New Scientist
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2350965-nuclear-fusion-researchers-have-achieved-historic-energy-milestone/
A controlled fusion reaction has generated more energy than was put into the system for the first time, bringing viable fusion power another step closer to reality.
(Please watch the video posted above and read the articles)
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Posted on December 11, 2022
Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) - At the forefront of physics to better understand how our universe came into being.
LHCb specializes in investigating the slight differences between matter and antimatter by studying a type of particle called the "beauty quark", or "b quark".
LHCb is an experiment set up to explore what happened after the Big Bang that allowed matter to survive and build the Universe we inhabit today Fourteen billion years ago, the Universe began with a bang. Crammed within an infinitely small space, energy coalesced to form equal quantities of matter and antimatter. But as the Universe cooled and expanded, its composition changed. Just one second after the Big Bang, antimatter had all but disappeared, leaving matter to form everything that we see around us — from the stars and galaxies, to the Earth and all life that it supports.
LHCb discovers three new exotic particles (home.cern)
https://home.cern/news/news/physics/lhcb-discovers-three-new-exotic-particles
Large Hadron Collider Beauty releases first set of data to the public
https://phys.org/news/2022-12-large-hadron-collider-beauty.html
The Large Hadron Collider Beauty (LHCb) experiment at CERN is the world's leading experiment in quark flavor physics with a broad particle physics program. Its data from Runs 1 and 2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has so far been used for over 600 scientific publications, including a number of significant discoveries.
While all scientific results from the LHCb collaboration are already publicly available through open access papers, the data used by the researchers to produce these results is now accessible to anyone in the world through the CERN open data portal. The data release is made in the context of CERN's Open Science Policy, reflecting the values of transparency and international collaboration enshrined in the CERN Convention for more than 60 years.
(Please read the articles posted above)
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Posted on December 7, 2022
Artemis 1 traveling in space views Earth-Moon Transit (moon passes in front of the Earth) while on the way home
Wow! See Artemis 1 spacecraft's Earth-moon transit view in amazing time-lapse, by VideoFromSpace
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOPO_bfXZCY
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(Please watch the video posted above)
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Posted on December 6, 2022
Earth to Artemis Orion spacecraft distance measured using parallax on (December 5, 2022), from 2 land based observations, by Astronomy Live
I've measured the distance to the Orion spacecraft using parallax from the images I took in Chile and New Mexico simultaneously.
7423.5km chord distance 0.996394° parallax 87.024° ang sep b/w Orion and Chile from NM (7423.5 /sin(0.996394°))*sin(87.024°) = 426,321 km
https://twitter.com/astroferg/status/1598893505048621058
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Posted on December 2, 2022
Planets once again confirmed to be round disk objects of substance, by Lunar Occultation observation
Not just points of light in the sky as some would have you believe.
Moon occults Mars, giant planets and more in Dec. 2022 skywatching, by VideoFromSpace
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpTgJTQbnwI
See Mars disappear behind the Moon on Dec. 7 and find out when you can see the Jupiter, Saturn and more while skywatching this month. The constellation of Pegasus is also a highlight.
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(Please watch the video posted above)
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Posted on November 30, 2022
The era of privately funded (non-governmental) space craft to the Moon has begun
SpaceX to launch Falcon 9 carrying private Japanese moon lander, by nasaspaceflight.com
https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/hakuto-r-m1/
SpaceX is readying to use its reliable Falcon 9 rocket to send a privately funded mission to the surface of the moon. An initial launch window on the morning of Wednesday, Nov. 30 was forgone “to allow for additional pre-flight checkouts.”
HAKUTO-R Mission 1 is now scheduled to liftoff from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) in the early morning hours of Dec. 1 with T0 set for 3:37 AM EST (08:37 UTC).
This is a mission that has been more than a decade in the making. The company behind the mission, ispace, began in Japan as a competitor in the Google Lunar XPRIZE. The goal of this particular XPRIZE was to become the first private lunar exploration mission. Ispace decided to call the mission HAKUTO, which means “white rabbit” in Japanese.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nCQTuf98Dw
History of HAKUTO
In 2015, the team reached a major milestone, completing a successful rover demonstration, which earned them $500,000. Just two years later, the team had a flight-ready rover at its first launch site. However, the primary spacecraft did not fulfill its part of the mission, therefore the joint ride to the moon was canceled.
Fast forward to 2018, and the mission was revived as HAKUTO-R, the “R” standing for “reboot.” It will consist of a series of missions to the lunar surface.
This launch will be called “Mission 1” (M1), with the main objectives including validating the lander’s design as well as the company’s business model.
(Please read the above article and watch the video)
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Posted on November 30, 2022
Flight IRS proves the Earth rotates
What is IRS in an aircraft?
Refers to a solid-state unit of three Ring Laser Gyros detecting accelerations in 3 dimensions; they may also contain quartz accelerometers. Inertial Reference Unit (IRU)
IRS Align Mode - Carefully Measuring Earth's Rotation, by 53C52
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUwHc_wUykk
For several decades, long-range aircraft have used Inertial Navigation Systems/Inertial Reference Systems as sources for position information and as the primary sources for orientation information (pitch/bank/yaw/heading).
This video demonstrates the alignment process of a Honeywell IRS as it carefully measures the slow rotation of the earth to determine the aircraft's latitude and direction to the geographic north pole.
Key points to note are:
1. The IRS consistently determines the correct direction to geographic north, even when it is initialized to an incorrect location.
2. The IRS can be initialized at a grossly incorrect longitude because it is unable to use the rotation of the earth to determine longitude, and therefore is unable to complete a reasonableness check of the initial longitude being supplied to the device.
3. The IRS uses Earth rotation to calculate an accurate latitude which it will use to cross-check the initial position that is supplied during the align mode for reasonableness. This calculation of latitude using direct measurement of Earth's rotation makes it impossible to operate the IRS in navigation mode if the initial position sent to the IRS contains a grossly incorrect latitude.
Early Inertial Navigation Systems use 3 precision mechanical gyros. The gyros are mounted so that each spins on an axis that is 90 degrees to the other two along with 3 linear accelerometers mounted in a similar fashion. Those components are mounted on a platform that is free to rotate on gimbals within the case. In order to use an INS, it first needs to go through an alignment process. During alignment, the aircraft needs to be stationary so that the gyros are subjected to movement caused only by the very slow rotation of the earth. This rotation is sensed as gyroscopic precession which is then used to drive servo motors to rotate the platform to align it in the direction of geographic north and parallel to local level.
Today's Inertial Reference Systems are an improvement on that old design and use ring laser gryos in place of the mechanic gyros. RLGs are not really gyros in the traditional sense of the word because they do not consist of a spinning mass, and do not exhibit the gyroscopic properties of precession and rigidity in space. They are, however, very good at measuring very small rates of rotation.
IRS does not use a floating platform as was used with the old mechanical gyros. The accelerometer and RLG orientations with respect to the airplane are fixed. This is why this type of unit is referred to a "strap-down" inertial. Like the older INS, IRS also needs to complete an initialization process called alignment, but in the IRS there is no physical alignment of a platform taking place.
(Please use the URL posted above to watch the video in full)
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Posted on November 30, 2022
Preserving the legacy of the original (Hasselblad 500c, 70mm Camera) shots of the Moon made during the Apollo Missions
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See the photos here - http://tothemoon.ser.asu.edu/gallery/Apollo
(Please read the articles posted above and enjoy the Apollo - Moon/Earth pictures)
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Posted on November 29, 2022
Flat Earthers often talk about the (Michelson - Morley) experiment with their glee of misunderstanding.
But they won't touch the subsequent (Michelson–Gale–Pearson) experiment with a 10-foot pole.
No wonder !!
Michelson–Gale–Pearson_experiment (en.wikipedia.org)
The Michelson–Gale–Pearson experiment (1925) is a modified version of the Michelson–Morley experiment and the Sagnac-Interferometer. It measured the Sagnac effect due to Earth's rotation, and thus tests the theories of special relativity and luminiferous ether along the rotating frame of Earth.
Experiment:
The aim, as it was first proposed by Albert A. Michelson in 1904 and then executed in 1925 by Michelson and Henry G. Gale, was to find out whether the rotation of the Earth has an effect on the propagation of light in the vicinity of the Earth. The Michelson-Gale experiment was a very large ring interferometer, (a perimeter of 1.9 kilometers), large enough to detect the angular velocity of the Earth. Like the original Michelson-Morley experiment, the Michelson-Gale-Pearson version compared the light from a single source (carbon arc) after travelling in two directions. The major change was to replace the two "arms" of the original MM version with two rectangles, one much larger than the other. Light was sent into the rectangles, reflecting off mirrors at the corners, and returned to the starting point. Light exiting the two rectangles was compared on a screen just as the light returning from the two arms would be in a standard MM experiment.
The Effect of the Earth’s Rotation On The Velocity of Light - Part 1, by A.A. Michelson, Henry G. Gale, and Fred Pearson
https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1925ApJ....61..137M
The Effect of the Earth’s Rotation On The Velocity of Light - Part 2, by A.A. Michelson, Henry G. Gale, and Fred Pearson
https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1925ApJ....61..140M
Be sure to read these 2 articles.
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Posted on November 29, 2022
One reliable way astronomers have learned what chemical elements are in stars - Spectroscopy !!
Flat Earthers are just ignorant and dumb. Get an education people.
Spectroscopy with "Almost a Doctor", by MCToon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJHcej8SUpY
Each chemical element has its own identifiable unique (emission / absorption line) signature ...
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Posted on November 28, 2022
Subaru Telescope on Maunakea - Hawaii, and other telescopes at the same location...
Subaru Telescope can now analyze 2,400 galaxies simultaneously, by Universe Today
https://phys.org/news/2022-11-subaru-telescope-galaxies-simultaneously.html
First light is an exciting time for astronomers and engineers who help bring new telescopes up to speed. One of the most recent and significant first light milestones recently occurred at the Subaru Telescope in Hawai'i. Though it has been in operation since 2005, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan's (NAOJ) main telescope recently received an upgrade that will allow it to simultaneously observe 2,400 astronomical objects at once over a patch of sky the size of several moons.
Those 2,400 objects will be observed by the Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS), which itself has multiple subcomponents and was developed by around a dozen universities and companies on four continents. Its major components consist of a Prime Focus Instrument, which contains 2,400 individual fibers and lets it concentrate on various parts of the sky. Data from those fibers is then fed to a Spectrograph System (SpS), which analyzes it to produce the data used in scientific papers.
The SpS consists of four separate spectrographs, covering spectra from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared, much more than a human eye can take in alone.
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Other telescopes on Maunakea, Hawaii ...
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Posted on November 25, 2022
Egg Drop from Space (above 100,000 feet)
Egg Drop From Space, by Mark Rober
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYVZh5kqaFg
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Aero Simulation for Mark Rober's 100,000ft Egg Drop, by Mark Rober
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5tQ6OTJdhns
This eggcellent project did not get over easy and although we cooked up some cool simulations, most of these vehicles ended up scrambled.
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Posted on November 16, 2022
The successful launch of Artemis, back to the Moon:
November 21, 2022 - Orion arrives at the Moon flying within about 60 miles of the lunar surface.
November 25, 2022 - Orion, mission control teams to conduct distant retrograde orbit insertion burn. It will spend roughly a week in this orbit at an altitude of approximately 38,000 miles (61,000 km) above the lunar surface.
November 26, 2022 - Orion to break human-rated spacecraft distance record set by Apollo 13.
November 28, 2022 - Orion to reach its maximum distance from Earth. Orion will break the record for the farthest-ever distance traveled by a spacecraft built for humans by traveling almost 300,000 miles (483,000 km) from Earth. It will beat the previous record set by NASA's Apollo 13 mission.
WATCH: NASA Launches Artemis I Mission In Return To The Moon, by MSMBC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiHD1g5VjoM
NASA has successfully launched the Artemis I mission on a 26-day uncrewed test flight of the SLS rocket and Orion capsule. Orion will journey to the moon and remain in orbit for several weeks.
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NASA launches Artemis 1 rocket on mission to the moon | full video, by CBS News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUzXFO9HRE8
The Artemis 1 moon rocket, the most powerful ever built for NASA, finally blasted off at 1:47 a.m. ET on Wednesday. If all goes well with Artemis 1, NASA plans to launch a second SLS rocket in late 2024 to boost four astronauts on a looping free-return trajectory around the moon.
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Artemis I launch, by SciNews
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0d4wOIXi5o
For NASA’s Artemis I (Artemis-1) mission to the Moon, the first Space Launch System (SLS) launch vehicle launched the Orion spacecraft on an uncrewed flight test, from Launch Pad 39B at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, on 16 November 2022, at 06:48 UTC (01:48 EST). Orion is scheduled to fly about 100 km (62 miles) above the surface of the Moon, then use the Moon’s gravitational force to propel itself into a new deep retrograde, or opposite, orbit about 64,000 km (40,000 miles) from the Moon. Artemis-1, formerly Exploration Mission-1, is the first integrated test of NASA’s deep space exploration systems: the Orion spacecraft, Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and the ground systems at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Credit: NASA NASA’s Artemis I mission
Space Launch System launches the uncrewed Orion spacecraft
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Artemis I releases 10 cubesats, including a Moon lander, for technology and research, by nasaspaceflight
https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/artemis-i-cubesats/
Artemis I not only launched the Orion spacecraft to the Moon but also 10 6U CubeSats, most massing around 14 kilograms, which were ejected from the ICPS upper stage after the trans-lunar injection burn following launch.
These CubeSats will fly to various destinations including the Moon, asteroids, and interplanetary space. They will study various facets of the Moon and interplanetary travel, ranging from navigation techniques to radiation and biology. One of them is even planned to conduct a soft landing on the lunar surface.
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NASA's Orion capsule buzzes the moon in a last step before humans revisit lunar orbit, August 21, 2022 (npr.org)
https://www.npr.org/2022/11/21/1138247211/orion-capsule-moon-orbit-test-nasa
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — NASA's Orion capsule reached the moon Monday, whipping around the far side and buzzing the lunar surface on its way to a record-breaking orbit with test dummies sitting in for astronauts.
It's the first time a capsule has visited the moon since NASA's Apollo program 50 years ago, and represents a huge milestone in the $4.1 billion test flight that began last Wednesday.
The close approach of 81 miles occurred as the crew capsule and its three wired-up dummies were on the far side of the moon. Because of a half-hour communication blackout, flight controllers in Houston did not know if the critical engine firing went well until the capsule emerged from behind the moon, 232,000 miles from Earth.
The capsule's cameras sent back a picture of the world — a tiny blue orb surrounded by blackness.
(Please read the entire article posted at the URL above)
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Flat Earthers in Shambles Over NASA's Artemis Launch, by Professor Stick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDg9ZOUJOwI
This week we're going to have a little fun watching Jake self destruct while live streaming the Artemis launch.
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REPLAY: Watch Orion's last fly-by of the Moon! (5 Dec 2022), by Raw Space
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QiTR3xz6wxc
This is a replay of the live stream.
Coverage begins: 9:00 am EST (14:00 UTC) Return powered fly-by burn: 11:43 am EST (16:43 UTC) Live coverage of the Artemis I Orion spacecraft's powered fly-by of the Moon on its way back to Earth. The Artemis 1 mission placed the Orion spacecraft into a distant retrograde orbit around the moon for 2 weeks. Orion will then return to Earth for splashdown in the Pacific Ocean.
Ten small CubeSat rideshare payloads also tagged along. This test flight paves the way for the first crewed mission to return humans to the Moon - Artemis 2 - planned for May 2024.
Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle.
Crew capacity: 2-6 (Artemis 1 will be uncrewed)
Height: 10 ft 10 in (3.30 m)
Diameter: 17 ft 6 in (5.03 m)
Total launch mass (with Launch Abort System): 73,735 lb (33,446 kg)
Injected lunar mass: 58,467 lb (26,520 kg)
Volume (pressurized): 690.6 cu ft (20 m³)
Volume (habitable): 316 cu ft (9 m³)
Return payload capacity: 220 lb (100 kg) =[
Orion Crew Module (CM)
Manufactured by Lockheed Martin Dry mass: 20,500 lb (9,300 kg) landing weight Launch mass: 22,900 lb (10,400 kg) =[
Orion European Service Module (ESM)
Manufactured by Airbus Defence and Space Dry mass: 13,635 lb (6,185 kg) Launch mass: 34,085 lb (15,461 kg)
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Posted on November 8, 2022
56 Miles (90 km) Above Earth - Successful Amateur Rocket Launch, by Kip Daugirdas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QsEPEhq5yk
Two-stage amateur rocket flight to 293,488 ft (55.6 mi/89.5 km). This rocket is called MESOS (short for mesosphere) because it is designed to fly there. The mesosphere is the third layer of Earth's atmosphere situated between 31 and 53 miles (50-85 km) above the surface. The amazing part about this rocket is it reached this altitude on less than 41,000 N-s of total impulse (full O-class high power rocket motor)! Capable of carrying the equivalent of a 16 oz can of beer/energy drink as a payload, this rocket flew two GoPro Hero 9s with modified rectilinear lenses. Both stages are recovered via parachutes and are reusable. This video covers the development and the launch of this record breaking rocket. I hope you enjoy it!
https://www.youtube.com/user/kdaugi/videos
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Posted on November 7, 2022
Mars InSight lander...
NASA Prepares to Say "Fairwell" to Insight Spacecraft
https://mars.nasa.gov/news/9292/nasa-prepares-to-say-farewell-to-insight-spacecraft/?site=insight
Insight solar panels now covered with thick Martian dust can no longer generate the required spacecraft power for continued operation.
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https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/
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NASA’s InSight Lander Accomplishes Science Goals on Mars as Power Levels Diminish
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJZ6UlH_TfQ&t=15s
NASA’s InSight lander touched down in the Elysium Planitia region of Mars in November of 2018. During its time on the Red Planet, InSight has achieved all its primary science goals and continues to hunt for quakes on Mars.
The mission is the first to reveal the interior structure of Mars, using marsquakes to study the layers inside the planet. InSight’s seismometer was the first to detect a quake on another planet. InSight also measured weather at Elysium Planitia for four years with a unique set of meteorological sensors.
InSight has also persisted through adversity. The team found innovative ways to take on engineering challenges they encountered. InSight’s findings help scientists understand how all rocky worlds, including Earth and its Moon, formed.
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Posted on November 6, 2022
"Interplanetary" YouTube channel, with planetary scientist Dr. James O'Donoghue
All at ...
https://www.youtube.com/c/Interplanetary/videos
Visit Dr. O'Donoghue site to see other great videos ...
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How BIG the Moon used to look in our sky – simulation of "Lunar Retreat"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gk5KOxSrPAU
The PLANETS* to scale not only in size, but also in their tilt and rotation speed. *plus Pluto/Ceres
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX6PRDqfLNc
How far can we throw a ball on other worlds?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyn4KGxku90
Visualization of the velocities required to escape Solar System bodies
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuevSd3HEic&t=35s
The reason for the seasons, solstices and equinox
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCk6Pzu-DiY
An animation to explain the (apparent) retrograde motion of Mars, using actual 2020 planet positions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOjrPcD6Iuc
Light speed journey to Mars in real time
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PpfrcoI_fs&t=18s
Everything in the Solar System orbits the center of mass (it's rarely in the center of the Sun!)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oauf6W3Uz04
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Posted on November 2, 2022
The $10,000 Sextant Challenge, from MCToon
https://mctoon.net/10ksextantv2/
kk
An entry:
Wisekoff Sextant Challenge Analysis, by MCToon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxa08M5WAaU
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Posted on October 16, 2022
DART - Mission Successfully changed motion of Asteroid Dimorphos by 32 minutes
NASA reports smashing success with asteroid redirection test (Washington Post, Joel Achenbach)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/10/11/nasa-dart-mission-asteroid-success/
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Posted on October 15, 2022
NASA, SpaceX study Hubble Telescope re-bost mission (BBC, Jonathan Amos, Science Correspondent)
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-63084707
Nasa and the SpaceX rocket company are to study the feasibility of running a private astronaut mission to extend the life of the Hubble telescope.
The orbiting observatory, one of the greatest instruments in the history of science, is gradually losing altitude.
If nothing is done to re-boost it, the telescope will eventually fall into the atmosphere and burn up.
Hubble was serviced on five occasions by astronauts in Nasa's space shuttle, the last time being in 2009.
Since then, the telescope has come down by about 25km and now circles the Earth at a height of 540km.
Ideally, Nasa would like to get the observatory back up to the 600km altitude where it was positioned at launch in 1990.
(Please read the entire article posted above)
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Posted on October 9, 2022
True Earth Mount Meru Summit 2022 flat earth sponsored event, Nov 11 & 12, Virtual Summit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wNf9JkJO_Q
JonahTheScientist, "please help these people accept reality; the Earth is a globe and nothing will change that."
Planned speakers include:
David “Avocado” Wolff, Brian from High Impact Flix, Ben from Taboo Conspiracy, Mary Leeds, Amanda Vollmer, Sean Hibbeler, Peggy Hall, Eddie Bravo , Dave Murphy, Iru Landucci, Bob Knodel, Dave Weiss, Kaleb from TikTok, Chris Crumb, Conspiracy Music Guru, Prime Time Alex Stein, Owen Benjamin, Jeran from Jeranism, Austin Whitsitt,
Tickets 50% off today (not sure how long that will last).
General Admission = $100
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Commentary by MCToon
Flat Earth Society Summons its Members from All Around the Globe, by MCToon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkHkRNW9vEM
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Posted on October 6, 2022
Nobel Prize in Physics 2022
Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022
https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2022/press-release/
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 to ...
Alain Aspect
Université Paris-Saclay and
École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
John F. Clauser
J.F. Clauser & Assoc., Walnut Creek, CA, USA
Anton Zeilinger
University of Vienna, Austria
“for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”
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Posted on October 4, 2022
The Flat Earth assertion than the Sun is close by and local (hear by needed by Flat Earthers to disprove the measurements of earth-to-sun distance made by cc, are her by DISPROVEN again by Reds Rhetoric observation and great 3-dimensional analysis of what really happens in our sky.
Observing the Sun to test the Flat Earth, by Reds Rhetoric
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1V4EshOCgP4
Flat Earth Sun - Angular Size Prediction Math ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sun altitude = 5,000 km FE equator radius = 10,018.75 km Sun diameter = 65 km Observer lat. = 28 deg. N
1. Distance between observer and equator. (10,018.75km / 90deg) * 28deg = 3,116.9 kilometers
2. Distance between observer and sun @ solar noon. sqrt(3,116.9km^2 + 5,000km^2) = 5,891.94 kilometers
3. Angular size of the sun @ solar noon. 2 * atan(65deg / (2 * 5,891.94km) = 0.63 degrees
4. Distance between observer and equator under morning sun. sqrt((10,018.75km - 3,116.9km)^2 + 10,018.75km^2) = 12,165.9 kilometers
5. Distance between observer and morning sun. sqrt(12,165.9km^2 + 5,000km^2) = 13,153.3 kilometers
6. Angular size of the morning sun. 2 * atan(65deg / (2 * 13,153.3km) = 0.28 degrees
7. Factor of sun angular size difference. 0.63deg / 0.28deg = 2.25
Conclusion - Between sunrise and solar noon, the sun would grow by 2.25 times according to the Flat Earth model.
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Posted on September 26, 2022
In a successful asteroid impact with a spacecraft (DART), the first of its attempt by the Human Race, Dimorphos successfully targeted and hit.
Hits Dimorphos 7 million miles away at 14,000 miles per hour.
Over the next week's Earth based telescopes will track Dimorphos to determine how much it's orbit was budged away from approaching the Earth.
FROM - EEVBlog2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJLLZE3otbc
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IMPACT
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Update: September 28, 2022
And now for the Flat Earth people DENIAL who have started their campaign using nothing but personal opinion and self interest desire to label the entire event as FAKE.
Strange World 374 - The Empty Wizards with Karen B and Mark Sargent - Flat Earth
Starting at time mark: 21:25
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPl4xQAfzRs&t=767s
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Posted on September 17, 2022
Watch Live as NASA Spacecraft Collides With Far-Off Asteroid
NASA spends real money and initiates action, to save you and your family from possible extinction, while the denizens of flat Earth mock NASA for personal gain.
NASA'S DART is headed for impact #shorts. DART camera DRACO.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/fav5TpF2S8M
DART Gets Its CubeSat Companion, It's Last Major Piece
https://www.jhuapl.edu/NewsStory/211001-dart-liciacube-from-italian-space-agency-installed
7:14 PM - EDT (Eastern Daylight Time), Monday, September 26, 2022
https://dart.jhuapl.edu/
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Watch Live Mission Coverage
https://www.nasa.gov/nasalive
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DART's Impact with Asteroid Dimorphos (Official NASA Broadcast) - click on "Notify me"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RA8Tfa6Sck
Scheduled for Sep 26, 2022Watch as NASA’s DART Mission Attempts the World’s First-Ever Test of Planetary Defense Description: Countdown to impact as NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) attempts humanity’s first-ever test of planetary defense! The DART spacecraft will intentionally crash into asteroid Dimorphos at 7:14 p.m. ET on Monday, September 26, 2022 to see if kinetic force can change its orbit. Why? If this test is successful, the same technique could be used to deflect an Earth-threatening asteroid in the future, should one ever be discovered. DART’s target asteroid is NOT a threat to Earth before, during or after the impact event.
(Please attend the live coverage and watch/read the events on all URL's listed above)
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Posted on September 15, 2022
I believed in conspiracy theories, until this one pushed me over the edge (PBS NewsHour)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdPbmYAuMs0
Moments of Truth is a digital series exploring misinformation and sharing intergenerational conversations between people about how they find facts, information, and truth.
In this episode, single mom Karen Robertson from Iuka, Mississippi talks to student reporter Makenna Meade about her journey to disprove conspiracy theories she once believed. Now Robertson is writing a children's book about critical thinking and learning to help young children like her daughter.
From student reporting labs.
Karen Robertson says,,
"It was easier to believe that there was someone, something out there to get you and that’s why my life was as bad as I was.
Hi. I’m Karen Robertson. I’m 30, and I’m a single mom.
We’re here to talk about the fact the I actually believed in conspiracy theories once upon a time ago.
Interviewer: “Can you tell me a couple of the conspiracy theories that you believed in?
Karen Robertson says,
I was definitely a anti-vaxxer at one point or another….
And there’s a movie called “Zeitgeist,” or a documentary. They talk about how Jesus’s birth wasn’t the first virgin birth. They’re trying to show you that a lot of what you’ve taught isn’t factual.
“And then at some point, they go into 9-11 being a inside job. I didn’t wanna believe that our government would do that, but I kinda just straddled the fence on that one.
“What resonated with you about the conspiracy theories?
I was in an abusive relationship that I didn’t realize at the time was abusive. I got out and got into one that was worse.
“I was trying to make the world make sense, and it was easier to believe that it was a bad place and something was out there to get you, and that’s why my life was where I was at and as bad as it was than it was to realize I had made bad choices.
Interviewer: “Can you tell me why you went off researched all the things you believed in?”
There is a very specific night, actually that actually caused this. This guy and I were, and he knew about all these different conspiracy theories that I did. Then toward the end of the conversation, he was lie, “Get this, flat Earth.” And I was like. I thought he was joking. And he is like, “Dude, there’s evidence that the Earth is flat,” and he tells me to look into the sky.
A LITTLE WHILE LATER, I SAW HIM USE A VERY, VERY HARD DRUG.
It made me realize if I’m thinking like someone like that, that I should reconsider my belief system.”
(Please watch the entire video listed at the URL above)
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Posted on September 12, 2022
Flat Earth Whistleblowers - Where Are They?
by Professor Stick
Where are the flat earth whistleblowers? How can a conspiracy this big not have anyone come out?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaTEofNX_W0
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Posted on September 11, 2022
The "Lunar Wave" made famous by Crrow 777 and promoted into the annals of flat earth conspiracy, falls again into the dumpster fire of history. It is no more (again).
Here is the resulting air current disturbance and refraction of rocket wake crossing the sun. This is the exact same phenomenon pointed out by Crow777 for the jet airplane atmospheric disturbance show around the moon as the "Lunar Wave".
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DtnplPprFoc
The launch of a rocket at sunrise can result in unusual but intriguing images that feature both the rocket and the Sun. Such was the case last month when a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket blasted off from NASA's Kennedy Space Center carrying 53 more Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit. In the featured launch picture, the rocket's exhaust plume glows beyond its projection onto the distant Sun, the rocket itself appears oddly jagged, and the Sun's lower edge shows peculiar drip-like ripples. The physical cause of all of these effects is pockets of relatively hot or rarefied air deflecting sunlight less strongly than pockets relatively cool or compressed air: refraction. Unaware of the Earthly show, active sunspot region 3014 -- on the upper left -- slowly crosses the Sun.
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Crrow 777 - the original
Crrow777 - Lunar Wave Displaces the Entire Moon - Twice
https://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/101-crrow777-lunar-wave-displaces-the-entire-moon-twice
Crrow 777 - Lunar Wave original debunk
lunar waves & plane in front of the moon @ airport zürich sep.-okt. 2014, by crosswind
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weSUTei9blE
Crrow777 - flat Earth advocate FAIL
https://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/100-crrow777
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Posted on September 9, 2022
For flat Earthers who still insist that (Space is Fake) and (There are No Satellites in Space), meet your new personal space contact REALITY.
How the Apple iPhone 14 connects to satellites during emergencies (ZDNET.com, Adrian Kingsley Hughes)
https://www.zdnet.com/article/how-the-apple-iphone-14-connects-to-satellites-during-emergencies/
Apple's iPhone 14 is going into space. Well, not literally, but it is the first iPhone to be able to connect not only to terrestrial cellular and Wi-Fi, but also to satellites high above the Earth. For now, this service is limited to emergencies, and is called Emergency SOS via Satellite. The service was announced Wednesday at Apple's Far Out event.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above).
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For Apple and other companies, satellites plus cellphones add up to a new frontier (www.geekwire.com, by Alan Boyle)
https://www.geekwire.com/2022/apple-lynk-satellites-plus-cellphones/
The scenario that’s getting the most attention nowadays involves direct-to-phone satellite communications: Instead of going through a cell tower or ground-based, antenna-equipped terminals, signals can be beamed back and forth directly between satellites in low Earth orbit and the iPhone or Android phone in your hand.
That direct satellite link would serve as a last-resort connection if the cellphone user is stuck without any other sort of coverage — for example, if you’re lost on a mountain trail, or stuck with a flat tire on a rural road. That’s what Apple will do with its new iPhone 14, and what T-Mobile is aiming to do with SpaceX’s Starlink network. “It’s going to massively improve people’s convenience, and it’s going to save lives,” SpaceX CEO Elon Musk said when the T-Mobile-SpaceX deal was revealed.
iPhone 14 Revealed With SOS Satellite Feature (Watch It Here) - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ON7UCkfxAo8
Apple’s emergency SOS plan is aimed squarely at safety: The iPhone 14 will be programmed to show you where to point your phone to link up with overhead satellites in Globalstar’s constellation. There’ll be an interface that can guide you through a series of buttons to send the appropriate alert, whether you’re injured, stranded or lost.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above).
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Space is Fake! - Conspiracy Music Guru
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WcqKUhU0WDc&t=469s
The Man, the Legend, and now the great DOWNFALL
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Posted on September 4, 2022
A revival of flat Earth support took place in England during the 1860's and has carried thru somewhat to the present.
Here are some of those original writings.
The linked pages below lead to PDF downloads of most of the historical books referenced by many FE researchers.
Works such as:
"Zetetic Astronomy Earth Not a Globe" by Samuel Rowbothan (aka Parallax) (1865),
"Terra firma : the earth not a planet," By Scott, David Wardlaw (1901),
"One hundred proofs that the earth is not a globe" by William Carpenter (1886),
and others. By clicking on the link it will open in another window and you can download these important materials for free.
Flat Earth Resources Downloads
- An additional source for flat earth books in PDF: Resources For The Stationary Plane
- Flat Earth pamphlets from the turn of the century: booklets and newsletters about FE
- 108 classical FE books in one .zip file download : 108 classical FE books
The following are individual downloads:
- Chart and Compass Zetetic Society (1887) - Chart and Compass
- The Shape of the World - A.E.Skellam (1893) - The Shape of the World
- Compare Startling Discrepancies - Surveyor (1895) - Startling Discrepancies
- Astronomy & the Bible Reconciled - VOX (1897) - Reconciled, Astronomy/Bible
- THE EARTH STANDS FAST By Professor Carl Schoepffer (1900)THE EARTH STANDS FAST
- The enlightenment of the world - John G. Abizaid (1914)Enlightenment of the World
- Kings Dethroned Gerard Hickson(1922): Kings Dethroned
- Lady Blount Flat Earth Extracts (1921) : Lady Blount FE Extracts
- Collapse of the Globe Theory- Lady Blount : - Collapse of the Globe
- S.G.Fowler - Truth the earth is flat (1952) - The Earth is Flat
- Heaven & Earth - Gabrielle Henriet (1958) - Heaven & Earth
- Practical Arithmetic by Charles Davies (1863): Practical Arithmetic
- Auguste Picard 1931 Popular Mechanics (1pg): 1931 Popular Mechanics
- Auguste Picard 1931 : read whole thing on line - Scrollable copy
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Posted on September 4, 2022
QAnon - many flat earthers claim to have identified the real Q.
But journalists, computer algorithms and artificial intelligence, suggest the following two people.
Here is a latest identification attempt.
Who Is Behind QAnon? Linguist Detectives Find Fingerprints (by David Kirkpatrick, New York Times, February 24, 2022)
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/19/technology/qanon-messages-authors.html
Using machine learning, separate teams of computer scientists identified the same two men as likely authors of messages that fueled the viral movement.
"At first most of the text is by Paul Ferber of South Africa, but the signature of Ron Watkins, who is now running for Congress in Arizona - has been much discussed as a likely writer of Q, in fact his campaign for Congress is predicated mainly on is association the QAnon craze - increased the first few months as Paul Ferber decreased and then dropped completely.”
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on August 31, 2022
$10,000 open challenge to any flat earther that can prove that MOON LIGHT IS COOLING, as they have claimed but never proven in the past. Cooling moon light violates laws of physics.
Offer by MCToon
Nobel Prize, Here I come, by MCToon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCfqtCkWQtM
Toon says,
If moonlight is cold, I will win the Nobel Prize!
"One thing flat Earthers like to claim is that moon light is cooling and somehow it transmits coldness. They do this in an effort to sugest that the moon is outputting it's own light even though you can see its shadows from the craters on the moon and it is quite a rediculous thing. Uh it's easy to see that it's not uh i'll outputingit's own light. But they love to say it anyway. They test this often through some pretty poor experiments, never with any controls either..."
Cooling moonlight would violate the comfirmed Einstein VS Plank relation.
Offer by MCToon
Live Experiment: Cold Moonlight, by MCToon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmqTrgqK6gM
Livestream of the experiment testing cold moonlight.
Please follow this invitation.by MCToon
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Posted on August 30, 2022
How do flat earthers deny the South Celestial Pole exists without breaking their minds?
Don't the mental gymnastics drive them insane?
I still can't quite wrap my head around how they are able to do this without cracking.
Response by...
https://debunkingflatearth.quora.com/How-do-flat-earthers-deny-the-South-Celestial-Pole-exists-without-breaking-their-minds-Dont-the-mental-gymnastics-driv-3
(Please read the entire article posted a the URL above)
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Posted on August 23, 2022
Surprising Reasons Why Narcissists Like Conspiracy Theories.
(the belief in conspiracy theories may be related to personal traits), by Psychology Today
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/finding-new-home/202208/surprising-reasons-why-narcissists-conspiracy-theories
(Please read the entire article as posted at the URL above)
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Some commentary on that SAME article...
Conspiracy Toonz
First interview
Guest commentator Raynard Wilson gives his ideas on conspiracy theorists.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o-H75AtNpQ
Conspiracy Toonz
2nd interview
Guest commentator Raynard Wilson gives his ideas on conspiracy theorists.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6t0tsyYtuf0
Raynard says, "When a truther tells you to do your own research they aren't really inviting you to commit to a multi-year search of the relevant documentation. They don't want you to read both sides of an issue, or evalute and arguments strenght or sources credibility. They just want you to believe. And if you can't believe it, they just want you to stop asking embarising questions."
Conspiracy Toonz
3rd interview
Do 100% of Ferfs Reject This?, Guest commentator Raynard Wilson
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWWPdpOcRUE
"How many anti-vaxxers are flat earthers? How many flat eathers are vaccinated? Strange question to ask but this was something asked to me by a friend in a pub conversation a few weeks ago. It's a question that I felt uniquely qualified to be able to answer because of my obsesive tendency to watch conspiracy theorists. THE ANSWER IS while there are plenty of anti-vaxxers who know with absolute certainty the the earth is a round globe, THERE ARE ALMOST NO FLAT EARTHERS THAT ARE VACCINATED...:
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Posted on August 21, 2022
Crepuscular 2: In the Dirt @shorts, by Conspiracy Toonz
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/mkCpdA8XCzc
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Posted on August 18, 2022
Marc Sargent - "Flat Earth Clues" still being exposed as errors and conspiracy mongering
Desertphile actually called to get the correct height from the shore and do the calculations correctly.
Flat Earth Footage From Santa Barbara -- MARK SARGENT, by Desertphile
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=niaKsuEkbQ4
"Note that the standard refraction we we can see 6.8 miles. Note that the first platform is at 6 miles. Standard rigs of Southern California coast, the bottom of the platform must be 70 feet or higher so that this conforms with what they call the 100 Year storm height. This is required for rigs to be insured.
So if we take 70 feet and the subtract the 11.45 feet we get 58.5 feet, which we can see, and this is what we actually OBSERVE."
Correct Earth Curvature observed.
Original video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ooynzMTLNM&t=0s
(Please watch the entire video by Desertphile posted at the URL above)
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Posted on August 16, 2022
Debunkng the misinformation about the 5G telecommunication neworks. There are now OVER 70 countries successfully using 5G. How do these conspiracies even start?
The Sacred Tree of Life - 5G FAIL, by SciManDan
https://flatearthlunacy.com/index.php/2-uncategorised/1642-sacred-tree-of-life-5g-fail
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Posted on August 10, 2022
Foucault Pendulum "proves that you are moving across the surface of a curved spherical rotating object"
Flat Earth is simply reality denial.
Debunk by Wolfie6020
Some Flat Earthers got excited about a broken Foucault's Pendulum... Here is a working one., by Wolfie6020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0oXykk9KsA
In April 2022 I was in Los Angeles for a week. I visited the Griffith observatory and saw the Focaults Pendulum.
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Posted on August 7, 2022
South Korea JOINS the latest list of nations having sent space probes to the Moon
South Korea launches first lunar orbiter as space bid gathers pace (Reuters, Hyonhee Shin, August 5, 2022)
https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/south-korea-launch-first-lunar-orbiter-space-bid-gathers-pace-2022-08-04/
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South Korea’s first lunar orbiter on way to the moon (Park Si-soo, spacenews.com, August 5, 2022)
https://spacenews.com/south-koreas-first-lunar-orbiter-on-way-to-the-moon/
SEOUL, South Korea — South Korea’s first lunar orbiter has begun its voyage toward the moon on a mission critical to the country’s future space projects.
The 678-kilogram spacecraft, named Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO) or Danuri in Korean, launched on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station’s Launch Complex 40 at 7:08 p.m. Eastern, Aug. 4.
The Danuri orbiter is carrying six scientific instruments, including a hypersensitive optical camera, ShadowCam, provided by NASA and a “space internet” demonstrator developed by South Korea’s Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, which will validate an interplanetary internet connection using delay-disruption tolerant networking.
The orbiter was working normally and traveling on a planned trajectory toward the moon, said the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI), which controls the spacecraft. It is expected to enter the moon’s orbit in December before starting a year-long observation mission. If it succeeds, South Korea will become the world’s seventh lunar explorer, after the former Soviet Union, the U.S., China, India, the European Union and Japan.
The Falcon 9’s upper stage deployed its dedicated payload 40 minutes after liftoff. The rocket’s first stage made a pinpoint landing on the SpaceX droneship “Just Read the Instructions” nine minutes after liftoff. It was the sixth touchdown to date for the booster, SpaceX said.
The launch was scheduled for Aug. 2 but was delayed two days to allow time for SpaceX to complete additional work on the Falcon 9 rocket.
The orbiter, developed by KARI, unfurled its two solar panels shortly after the deployment and exchanged first signals with a NASA ground station in Canberra, Australia, about 45 minutes later, according to KARI. It will stay connected to the Earth around the clock through a network of four ground stations — Korea Deep Space Antenna in South Korea; NASA’s Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex in Australia; Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex in Spain; and Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex in the United States....
(Please read and visit all the URL's posted above)
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Posted on August 6, 2022
OSIRIS-REx Slings Orbital Web Around Asteroid to Capture Sample | 4K (NASA Goddard)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nx1r3HPGC_c
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101955 Bennu is one of Earth’s closest planetary neighbors – an asteroid roughly the height of a skyscraper, and since late 2018, the place that NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission has called home. When OSIRIS-REx arrived on Dec. 3, 2018, it began wrapping Bennu in a complex web of observations. OSIRIS-REx departs Bennu on May 10, 2021, on a return voyage to Earth, bringing with it over 60 grams of sample collected from the asteroid. This narrated video presents the mission’s complete trajectory during its time at Bennu.
More: https://nasa.gov/osiris-rex
(Please watch the YouTube video at the URL above)
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Posted on August 3, 2022
Lucy's Solar Powered Journey Continues
Lucy's Solar Powered Journey Continues (NASA Goddard)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKlitjLjEpM
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NASA’s Lucy mission is heading to the Jupiter Trojans – two swarms of unexplored asteroids trapped in Jupiter’s orbit. Lucy made a picture-perfect launch on October 16, 2021, but when the spacecraft began to unfurl its solar arrays, it encountered an anomaly. One of the arrays failed to fully deploy and latch shut, putting the mission at risk. For months, Lucy’s flight operations team worked meticulously to address the issue and put Lucy back on its solar-powered journey to the Jupiter Trojans.
Read more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/...
Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
Dan Gallagher (KBRwyle): Producer
Jonathan North (KBRwyle): Animator
Kel Elkins (USRA): Data Visualizer
Chris Tucker (Lockheed Martin): Videographer
Dan Gallagher (KBRwyle): Narrator
Ned Barbee (Lockheed Martin): Support
Lauren Duda (Lockheed Martin): Public Affairs
Nancy Neal-Jones (NASA/GSFC): Public Affairs
Aaron E. Lepsch (ADNET): Technical Support
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Posted on August 1, 2022
The Earth is not a flat pancake of unknown depth and dimension, as claimed by Flat Earthers.
Let real knowledge and science (Earthquakes and Seismology) show you the reality.
Earthquakes and Seismology in Earth’s Interior, by Professor Dave
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Prey5z8WQiU
We just learned about all the layers of the Earth, but how did we accumulate this information? How do we know the composition of these layers and the depths at which they occur? The answer is seismology! Let's learn about the different kinds of seismic waves, their properties, and how geologists have used them to discern the composition of the Earth in astounding detail.
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Script by Jared Matteucci and Bryne Hadnott Watch the whole Geology playlist: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGeo
Mathematics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMath
Classical Physics Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDavePhysics1
General Chemistry Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveGenChem
Biology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBio
Microbiology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveMicrobio
Botany Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveBotany
Zoology Tutorials: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveZoo
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Posted on July 29, 2022
The Internationl Space Station
Entering the Decade of Results: International Space Station Benefits for Humanity Publication Released (NASA.gov mission)
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/news/benefits-2022-book
The 2022 edition of the International Space Station Benefits for Humanity publication is now available. This updated edition is packed with numerous benefits of the microgravity laboratory highlighting groundbreaking discoveries helping society, technologies tested for future space exploration, new scientific breakthroughs, and contributions to the growing low-Earth orbit (LEO) economy.
Over more than two decades, the International Space Station has evolved into an advanced microgravity laboratory for human space operations and science. The space station offers researchers worldwide the opportunity to utilize the unique environmental conditions of LEO, supporting hundreds of experiments across every major scientific field at any given time. With over 20 years of research and 3,300 experiments hosted aboard the station, now more than ever discoveries and developments are taking shape. The station’s ability to foster research has aided in the growing commercial space economy allowing new players to enter the space marketplace and launching flourishing businesses back on Earth.
“This edition focuses on new areas of scientific study that are resulting from the last two decades of ISS research, future technologies for the exploration of the Moon and Mars, lifesaving discoveries, and the companies and economic benefits enabled by this research.” said Dr. Kirt Costello, chief scientist for the space station at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.
Some of the benefits featured in this edition include how:
- Advances in X-ray technologies that were developed to create NICER, a space station telescope, are helping unravel the mysteries of our universe while improving medical devices on Earth.
- Drugs, cancer treatment strategies, and artificial blood developed from protein crystal growth studies aboard station are improving human and animal health.
- Data from NASA’s ECOSTRESS payload has been employed in efforts to reduce heat absorbed by city surfaces, reduce fire risk, and help farmers efficiently water their fields.
- Station is inspiring the next generation of scientists by providing opportunities to conduct meaningful studies on topics such as DNA sequencing, robotics, and satellites in orbit.
- The orbiting laboratory is advancing the field of in-space manufacturing, from 3D printed human tissue to optical fibers for communication.
In addition to the print publication, this year’s release includes videos, podcasts, and digital features that dive deeper into some of the issue’s stories.
The ISS Benefits for Humanity 2022 is a product of the International Space Station Program Science Forum (PSF), which includes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), European Space Agency (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS (ROSCOSMOS), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Although each of the International Space Station partners have individual research goals, the partnership strides together to propel humanity forward through scientific inquiry and investigation.
“The research done on the International Space Station advances scientific understanding of our planet, improves human health, develops cutting-edge technologies, and inspires and educates the leaders of tomorrow through its successful international partnerships; a truly exciting mission and part of a legacy that will be felt for decades to come,” said Costello.
View the full Benefits for Humanity 2022 publication here:
- Feature articles, videos, podcasts: www.nasa.gov/stationbenefits
- Full digital book in PDF format
- Kindle readers: MOBI format (coming soon)
- All other eBook readers: EPUB format (coming soon)
(Please read the entire article posted in the URL above)
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Posted on July 28, 2022
And Today's Russian Leaving ISS Date Is ...
http://nasawatch.com/archives/2022/07/and-todays-russ.html
And Today's Russia Leaving ISS Date Is ...
Russia to NASA: Sticking with space station until at least 2028, Reuters
"Russian space officials told their U.S. counterparts that Moscow expects to remain on the International Space Station at least until their own outpost in orbit is built in 2028, NASA's space operations chief told Reuters. The assurance on Tuesday from Russia came after the newly appointed head of its space agency, Roscosmos, surprised NASA earlier in the day by announcing that Moscow intended to end more than two decades of partnership on the space station "after 2024."
Russia says it's leaving the International Space Station again. This time might be different., Grid News
"The long isolation of ISS from geopolitics looks like it is regretfully coming to an end," said NASA Watch Editor Keith Cowing. Russia's war on Ukraine, and NASA no longer needing Russian rockets to send astronauts into orbit, has changed a long-running, uneasy, partnership in space, making it look less and less tenable. "The real question is, what are the Russians going to leave behind if they just walk away from the station?" Cowing added."
A Russian ISS exit could give NASA a hangover--then leave cosmonauts grounded, Fast Company
"You were getting this robustness, and everybody learned that there was another way of doing things," says Keith Cowing, editor of the NASA Watch news site and a former NASA manager who worked on station components in the early 1990s. But Russia's role in this cooperation has receded lately. SpaceX's Crew Dragon means NASA no longer needs Russia for astronaut transportation. In June, NASA raised the station's orbit using the U.S.-built Cygnus cargo spacecraft, a critical function that had been performed solely by the Russian section before.
(Please read the artricle posted at the URL above)
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Posted on July 25, 2022
2022 - Chemtriail conspiracy making a comeback
Chemtrails: What's the truth behind the conspiracy theroy? (BBC Alister Coleman, BBC Monitorig Disinformation Specialist)
https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-62240071
The word "chemtrails" has trended on sunny mornings this summer - but what's the truth behind the conspiracy theory?
Look up at a clear blue sky and you might see puffy white trails behind aeroplanes.
They are made up mostly of water and are called contrails or vapour trails, but a growing number of people falsely believe they are evidence of something sinister going on.
Some think malign forces are spraying the population with dangerous chemicals - so-called chemtrails - for purposes that are neither entirely clear nor consistent.
A surge in conspiratorial thinking following the Covid pandemic along with the summer travel season and clear skies mean the once obscure chemtrails theory is now being promoted by major influencers.
What are contrails?
Contrails are formed when water vapour and fine soot particulates from burning jet fuel freeze into ice crystals. In low air humidity, the crystals just dissipate. In higher humidity, they persist, and end up creating visible vapour trails over large areas of sky.
Those humidity differences explain why some aircraft are seen producing vapour trails while others do not.
High humidity means that vapour trails can last for long periods and become thin layers of cirrus clouds, Met Office meteorologist Aidan McGivern told the BBC. Cirrus clouds are short, detached and hair-like and are found at high altitudes. It is unlikely that any of these purported chemicals in the clouds would even reach ground level because they are at such high altitudes, he said.
One persistent belief among followers of the theory is that early morning chemtrails encourage greater cloud cover later in the day - but this can be explained by the natural process of convection. This is the result of the sun warming the ground, causing warm air to rise and condense into clouds later in the day, the Met Office says.
How did the conspiracy theory begin?
The idea that governments or shadowy forces are routinely spraying the planet with chemicals from scheduled passenger flights took hold in the1990s.
Initially, believers claimed sprays containing a toxic metal, barium, were being used to either pacify or reduce populations.
But the idea evolved along the way, meaning today there are several strands of the chemtrail theory.
In recent years, followers have expanded their accusations, claiming the contrails are being used to spread Covid-19,distribute vaccines, initiate "mind control", reduce the population or vaguely promote a "new world order".
(Analysis: Conspiracy Theorists link coronavirus to 5G and 'chemtrails')
(Australian citizens aren't being forcibly vaccinated via 'chemtrails')
False allegations have trended so frequently this year that fact-checking charity Full Fact has posted 10 debunks since April.
Chemtrail influencers are highly active on platforms such as Facebook and Telegram, where they discuss the day's alleged "spraying" and track aircraft. Some suggest putting a bowl of white vinegar outside, saying that this clears "chemtrailed" skies.|
Chemtrail social media groups also often contain anti-vaccine posts and promote climate change denialism, feeding off of an uptick in conspiracy thinking during the Covid-19 pandemic and the rise of the QAnon conspiracy theory during the Trump presidency.
(Conspiracy epidemic, born in US, spreads in Europe)
The phenomenon is international, with followers across UK, Europe, Australia and the Americas - in fact, anywhere under which commercial or military aircraft fly. And it is backed by a few celebrities and popular social media influencers.
What's the truth?
Like many persistent conspiracies, the chemtrails idea comes with a kernel of truth.|
In the 1950s and 1960s, decades before the conspiracy theories were born, much of Britain was sprayed with airborne chemicals in a series of secret germ warfare tests. And in 1950, San Francisco was sprayed with a chemical agent from a ship to gauge the effects of a bioweapon attack on a populated area.
Chemtrails conspiracy theorists point to such secret experiments to bolster their cause. But their claims blow the historical record out of all proportion, as they claim we are constantly - and very visibly - being deliberately sprayed with tonnes of dangerous chemicals, for an ever-shifting variety of reasons.
The War on Truth podcast: 'Covid was a hoax and so is the Ukraine war'
Death by Conspiracy? podcast: Did conspiracies lead to Covid deaths?
Like other conspiracy theorists, chemtrail enthusiasts also latch on to news events to push their agenda, for instance in messages like this posted during the recent UK heatwave:
There is no evidence the claim in the tweet is true, nor does it explain the record temperatures across Europe at the same time.
The British Airline Pilots Association (BALPA) told the BBC it is aware of these chemtrail theories with "no evidential basis".
"The distraction of these false theories detracts from what really matters and from areas that we believe should be further studied," it added.
There is concern that high altitude jets contribute to long-term climate change - not through any deliberate release of secret chemicals, but instead through contrails in a mechanism known as "radiative forcing".
BALPA told the BBC it is campaigning for a comprehensive research trial into the effect aviation has on pollution, not CO2, as well as the impact contrails are having on a changing climate.
(Please read the entire BBC article posted at the URL. Great picures there also!)
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Posted on July 7, 2022
The World's Greatest Space Photography, from ground based amateur astronomers & professional photographers
Here's the Final Shortlist for Astrophotographer of the Year 2022
https://www.universetoday.com/156606/heres-the-final-shortlist-for-astrophotographer-of-the-year-2022/
We look forward to this every year! The Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition showcases and recognizes some of the most stunning views of the night sky and astronomical objects. The shortlisted images from this year’s competition have now been released, and they include awe-inspiring scenes of the Milky Way, colliding galaxies, stellar nurseries, planets, nebula and the always photogenic Moon.
We’re featuring some of our favorites from this year’s competition here. The contest is operated by the Royal Observatory Greenwich, in cooperation with Liberty Specialty Markets and in association with BBC Sky at Night Magazine.
In 2022, the competition received over three thousand entries from passionate amateur and dedicated professional photographers, submitted from sixty-seven countries.
Short list - https://www.rmg.co.uk/whats-on/astronomy-photographer-year/galleries/2022-shortlist
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Posted on July 3, 2022
Flat Earth crypto HAWKERS (Jeranism & Company) in deep financial distress, as crypto currencies around the world drastically plunge in value.
https://www.cryptoclass101.com.au/meet-the-crypto-team -
Crypto Class 101 - Scott Paterson, Jeran Campanella, Caprice Beals, Nathan Stolpman
A $2 Trillion Free-Fall Rattles Crypto to the Core (bloomberg.com)
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-26/crypto-winter-why-this-bitcoin-bear-market-is-different-from-the-past#xj4y7vzkg
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The Big Mess of Crypto Lawsuits (Bloomberg.com)
https://www.bloomberg.com/crypto
Anyone can go to small claims court, where an award can be between $10,000 and $25,000 dollars.
If you win, you can then you go to the front of the line for bankruptcy proceedings.
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Crypto Prices Could Be In for Another Big Crash, With One Expert Predicting ‘It’ll Get Scary’ (time.com)
https://time.com/nextadvisor/investing/cryptocurrency/eth-btc-prices-to-fall-further/
80,000 Bitcoin millionaires wiped out in the great crypto crash of 2022 (cointelesgraph.com)
https://cointelegraph.com/news/80-000-bitcoin-millionaires-wiped-out-in-the-great-crypto-crash-of-2022
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Posted on June 29, 2022
ASTHROS - Astrophysics Stratospheric Telescope for High Spectral Resolution Observations at Submillimeter-wavelengths
NASA's stratospheric balloon mission gets telescope with giant mirror (phys.org)
https://phys.org/news/2022-06-nasa-stratospheric-balloon-mission-telescope.html
Telescopes designed to operate in space have to be constructed differently than those meant to operate on the ground. But what about telescopes that operate in between?
An upcoming NASA mission will use a balloon larger than a football field to send a telescope 130,000 feet (about 40,000 meters) above Antarctica. From that height, the telescope will study a phenomenon that chokes off star formation in some galaxies, effectively killing them.
The mission, called the Astrophysics Stratospheric Telescope for High Spectral Resolution Observations at Submillimeter-wavelengths, or ASTHROS, will use a primary mirror (this telescope's main light-gathering tool) that's tied for the largest ever to fly on a high-altitude balloon. Construction of the 8.2-foot (2.5-meter) mirror wrapped up this month. Designing and building it proved challenging because of two key demands: The mirror and its support structure must be exceptionally light to travel by balloon, yet strong enough to keep the pull of Earth's gravity from deforming its almost perfect parabolic shape by any more than about 0.0001 inches (2.5 micrometers)—a fraction of the width of a human hair.
Managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, ASTHROS is set to launch no earlier than December 2023, circling the South Pole for up to four weeks. NASA's Scientific Balloon Program, operated by the agency's Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, launches 10 to 15 balloon missions each year. These missions typically cost less than space missions and take less time to move from early planning to deployment, and they employ new technologies that can be used on future space missions...
(Please read the article at the URL above)
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Posted on June 18, 2022
Some flat Earthers have and still continue to insist, that The Hubble Space Telescope does not exist - that all those pictures attributed to Hubble are really from SOPHIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy).
Well, now they can't get any more traction out of that lie, as SOPHIA is being retired and the Hubble photos keep on coming.
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/SOFIA/overview/index.html
USRA Closeout Statement on Sopia (spaceref.com)
http://spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=60494
Press Release From: Universities Space Research Association
Posted: Wednesday, June 15, 2022
NASA and DLR (German Space Agency) recently announced the cessation of operations of SOFIA – the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy--whose science mission operations are managed by Universities Space Research Association (USRA). SOFIA conducts a broad range of astrophysical and planetary science investigations using unique, state-of-the-art and far infrared capabilities to address key NASA astrophysics’ objectives.
USRA has been proud to work with NASA on SOFIA whose legacy has been remarkable.
SOFIA’s contributions to interdisciplinary science include significant achievements such as
- Finding water on the Moon
- First measurements of atomic oxygen in the Earth’s mesosphere and lower thermosphere
- Determining how magnetic fields control star formation and how magnetic fields grow and develop in galaxies. Understanding the origin, amplification and morphology of the magnetic field is crucial to forming a complete picture of Galaxy development
- Discovering that Stellar winds, not supernovae disperse molecular clouds, trigger the birth of new stars and can dominate feedback
- Discerning the dynamics of interstellar gas and feedback from stars to gas through high spectral resolution
- Detecting the helium hydride molecule, the first molecule in the Universe
- Studying the composition and evolution of the Interstellar Medium (ISM) by surveying the ISM with cameras, spectrometers, and polarimeters that operate in the near-, mid-, and far-infrared wavelengths, each suited to studying a particular phenomenon
- Studies in the infrared that highlight stellar collision
- Observing a comet with “ocean-like” water, providing hints about the origins of Earth’s oceans
- Finding out how magnetic fields can help feed active black holes
- On the other hand, finding out how magnetic fields are working to keep the Milky Way’s black hole quiet
- Helping to create a panoramic view of the Milky Way’s center – spanning a distance of 600 light-years – in infrared
- Studying how a type of organic molecule could develop in space, helping to better understand how life could have developed on Earth
- Catching a glimpse of what happens after two planets collide
- Finding the amount and location of water vapor around a protostar
- Confirming that a nearby planetary system around the star Epsilon Eridani is remarkably similar to our own solar system
- Finding that dust can not only survive, but may be formed in the wake of a supernova explosion, one of the most powerful events in the universe, whose blast destroys almost everything in its path
- Observing how stellar pulsations affect the chemistry of the universe
As far as capabilities are concerned, SOFIA offers diverse competencies like high resolution spectroscopy and Far-IR polarimetry. Studies of SOFIA’s science capabilities provide compelling synergies with other observatories in NASA’s portfolio. For example, studies of the bright nearby Universe are key to illuminating the underlying physics in the more distant objects that will be targeted by the James Webb Telescope. Balloon Missions such as GUSTO and BlastPol provide direct scientific synergy with SOFIA by performing even wider-area surveys or pathfinder science of select regions. The capabilities of these facilities complement SOFIA capabilities and offer open access to a much larger observer base.
SOFIA’s instrument suite provides continuum, spectroscopic and polarization imaging in the full mid-IR and far-IR wavelength range inaccessible from the ground. The spectral resolving power of SOFIA provides measurements not possible with any other observatory. Unlike space-based IR facilities, SOFIA’s instrument detectors don’t saturate with light even on the bright targets, many of which serve as local templates for understanding the distant universe.
SOFIA’s instruments are constantly upgraded depending on the science needs. Principal Investigator teams selected through a competitive proposal process develop the instruments. Current instruments include FORCAST and HAWC+, FIFI-LS, EXES, and GREAT. All instruments remain in high demand. FORCAST and GREAT are the most mature in the instrument suite and their observations have produced the most scientific publications.
SOFIA has doubled its annual science publications over the past three years. In first eight years after starting operations, SOFIA produced over 300 scientific papers which is significantly higher than science return from far-infrared balloon programs and at a comparable hours-per-paper as the Herschel Space Observatory, the last far-infrared space observatory.
SOFIA continues to move forward with higher productivity and greater impact till the end of its term.
USRA looks forward to partner with NASA to ensure the safe fly out of SOFIA and ensure that its science legacy is captured appropriately for the astronomical community.
For more information on SOFIA’s recent accomplishments: https://www.sofia.usra.edu/sites/default/files/2022-03/SOFIA_Status_Future_Prospects_17Mar22.pdf
SOFIA Science: Remarkable Results": https://www.sofia.usra.edu/sites/default/files/2021-11/SOFIA-Science-2021.pdf
// end //
More news releases and status reports or top stories.
Please follow SpaceRef on Twitter and Like us on Facebook.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on June 15, 2022
Video: Gaia data release 3: exploring our multidimensional Milky Way (phys.org)
https://phys.org/news/2022-06-video-gaia-exploring-multidimensional-milky.html
Since its launch in 2013 ESA's Gaia observatory has been mapping our galaxy from Lagrange point 2, creating the most accurate and complete multi-dimensional map of the Milky Way. By now two full sets of data have been released, the first set in 2016 and a second one in 2018. These data releases contained stellar positions, distances, motions across the sky, and colour information, among others. Now on 13 June 2022 a third and new full data set will be released.
This data release will contain even more and improved information about almost 2 billion stars, Solar System objects and extragalactic sources. It also includes radial velocities for 33 million stars, a five-time increase compared to data release 2. Another novelty in this data set is the largest catalogue yet of binary stars in the Milky Way, which is crucial to understand stellar evolution.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Gaia sees strange stars in most detailed Milky Way survey to date (phys.org)
https://phys.org/news/2022-06-gaia-strange-stars-milky-survey.html
Gaia is ESA's mission to create the most accurate and complete multi-dimensional map of the Milky Way. This allows astronomers to reconstruct our home galaxy's structure and past evolution over billions of years, and to better understand the lifecycle of stars and our place in the universe.
Gaia's data release 3 contains new and improved details for almost two billion stars in our galaxy. The catalog includes new information including chemical compositions, stellar temperatures, colors, masses, ages, and the speed at which stars move towards or away from us (radial velocity). Much of this information was revealed by the newly released spectroscopy data, a technique in which the starlight is split into its constituent colors (like a rainbow). The data also includes special subsets of stars, like those that change brightness over time.
Also new in this data set is the largest catalog yet of binary stars, thousands of solar system objects such as asteroids and moons of planets, and millions of galaxies and quasars outside the Milky Way.
Starquakes
One of the most surprising discoveries coming out of the new data is that Gaia is able to detect starquakes—tiny motions on the surface of a star—that change the shapes of stars, something the observatory was not originally built for.
Previously, Gaia already found radial oscillations that cause stars to swell and shrink periodically, while keeping their spherical shape. But Gaia has now also spotted other vibrations that are more like large-scale tsunamis. These nonradial oscillations change the global shape of a star and are therefore harder to detect.
Gaia found strong nonradial starquakes in thousands of stars. Gaia also revealed such vibrations in stars that have seldomly been seen before. These stars should not have any quakes according to the current theory, while Gaia did detect them at their surface.
"Starquakes teach us a lot about stars, notably their internal workings. Gaia is opening a goldmine for 'asteroseismology' of massive stars," says Conny Aerts of KU Leuven in Belgium, who is a member of the Gaia collaboration.
Other chapters ...
The DNA of stars
Binary stars, asteroids, quasars, and more
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on June 14, 2022
Do aircraft adjust to the curvature of the Earth? If yes, how? I’m fighting a flat earther who ignores my questions and keep saying "if you answer my questions I will answer your questions".
https://www.quora.com/profile/Phillip-Kidd-6
Currently (6 September) Qantas flight QF14 is en route from Buenos Aires to Darwin. Here is the flight tracker map.
And on the AE “map”
And the location (ie latitude and longitude) data on the AE “map”
And on the globe
By the way, the aircraft transmitted its position every 5 minutes or so, so its path is well tracked, regardless of flerf nonsense.
It is painfully obvious that with this flight the aircraft is flying in the wrong direction of the flat earth nonsense is any where near believable.
Yet again , southern hemisphere flight paths make a mockery of flat earth.
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Posted on June 9, 2022
Webb telescope struck by bigger-than-expected micrometeroid (earthsky.org)
https://earthsky.org/space/micrometeoroid-strikes-damage-james-webb-space-telescope/
Webb in micrometeoroid strike
A micrometeoroid strike in late May 2022 scarred one of the primary mirror segments of the James Webb Space Telescope – Hubble’s successor – NASA said on Wednesday, June 8, 2022. Webb’s operators had expected micrometeroids to strike. But the power of this particular strike – the 5th recorded since the instrument launched – was greater than its operators had anticipated. NASA said its engineers will need to adjust the instrument to compensate for the unexpected early damage. Meanwhile, NASA reported in a blog post:
After initial assessments, the team found the telescope is still performing at a level that exceeds all mission requirements despite a marginally detectable effect in the data. Thorough analysis and measurements are ongoing.
Is there talk of replacing the mirror segment? No, and there likely won’t be. The damage doesn’t appear to be great enough for such a drastic step. And the telescope is orbiting far from Earth – a million miles (1.6 million km) from Earth – at the L-2 point in the Earth-sun system.
Micrometeoroid impacts expected
The title of NASA’s June 8 blog post, announcing the micrometeoroid strike, is Webb: Engineered to Endure Micrometeoroid Impacts. The post quoted Lee Feinberg, Webb optical telescope element manager at NASA Goddard, as saying:
With Webb’s mirrors exposed to space, we expected that occasional micrometeoroid impacts would gracefully degrade telescope performance over time. Since launch, we have had four smaller measurable micrometeoroid strikes that were consistent with expectations, and this one more recently that is larger than our degradation predictions assumed.
We will use this flight data to update our analysis of performance over time and also develop operational approaches to assure we maximize the imaging performance of Webb to the best extent possible for many years to come.
Webb’s operators believe the latest strike occurred between May 23 and May 25.
Designed to be tough
Engineers designed the Webb telescope to be tough. Indeed, it underwent complete testing to mimic the conditions it will experience beyond the orbit of Earth’s moon. NASA says Webb is built to take a lifetime of damage and remain operational. The blog post from NASA quoted Paul Geithner, technical deputy project manager at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, as saying:
We always knew that Webb would have to weather the space environment, which includes harsh ultraviolet light and charged particles from the sun, cosmic rays from exotic sources in the galaxy, and occasional strikes by micrometeoroids within our solar system. We designed and built Webb with performance margin – optical, thermal, electrical, mechanical – to ensure it can perform its ambitious science mission even after many years in space.
Compensating for micrometeoroid strike
Since the engineers anticipated damage of this type to Webb, ground-based controllers are able to somewhat compensate. They can do that , for example, by repositioning the mirror segment. NASA said:
Engineers have already performed a first such adjustment for the recently affected segment C3, and additional planned mirror adjustments will continue to fine tune this correction. These steps will be repeated when needed in response to future events as part of the monitoring and maintenance of the telescope throughout the mission.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on June 5, 2022
The SAFIRE Project Is Not Real Science (Electric Sun Model Debunked), by Professor Dave.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmVdPgkudC8
Flat Earthers often lean on this misinformation for support.
Professor Dave says, "Now this is nut job (Wallace Thornhill) that inspired the people at the Thunderbolt Project and many other similar figures, and they all regularly cite him as some kind of visionary, which is enough to discredit all of them point blank.
Now Juergens extended this mythology with the claim that the way we know the sun to operate isn’t accurate. As any astrophysicist will tell you, lots of matter means lots of gravitational pressure, so it gets real hot in the core such that nuclei slam together and fuse, and energy is released during nuclear fusion, which keeps the star in equilibrium, also making it shine in the process. Basic stuff.
However, according to Juergens, star are not powered by fusion, but instead by electricity, and he came up with the electric sun concept. In a blatant display of projecting his area of personal expertise where it does not belong, Juergens proposed that the sun, and all other stars, are anodes for galactic discharge currents. This means that like a giant capacitor, the sun would have to be a positively charged body somehow powered by a source at the center of the galaxy, with no evidence and no real science done to back it up in any way.
We will expand at great length on how unbelievably wrong this is…"
371,052 views Jul 10, 2020
It would seem that I've really struck a nerve by debunking some of these "alternative cosmologies", and exposing the frauds that push them. In the very persistent and vocal criticisms that have been brought against me by the people who have fallen for these hoaxes, the most consistent thing they cite as though it is evidence of anything whatsoever is the SAFIRE Project. What is this circus sideshow masquerading as science? What is it that they pretend to do? Let's tell the whole story.
My original Electric Universe debunk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9q-v...
My response to Ben Davidson: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VOaz...
Someone went down the rabbit hole on SAFIRE finances with all the smoke and mirrors: http://www.internationalskeptics.com/...
Tax filings for ISF: https://projects.propublica.org/nonpr...
Tax filings for MAF: https://projects.propublica.org/nonpr...
SAFIRE's one and only paper that has nothing to do with the electric sun model: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10... Montgomery Childs embarrassing himself at 2:40: https://youtu.be/uGGewRoSV20
Learn real science regarding neutrinos: http://mcba11.phys.unsw.edu.au/~mcba/...
An explanation of neutrinos that is much easier to understand: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/the...
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory paper: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract...
Tom Bridgman exposes the idiocy of Don Scott's book: http://www.theplasmaverse.com/pdfs/th...
Brian Koberlein eviscerates the Electric Universe: https://briankoberlein.com/blog/testi...
A former Velikovskian tells all: http://defendgaia.org/bobk/velidelu.html
Watch my other debunks: http://bit.ly/ProfDaveDebunk
(Please watch Professor Dave's entire video posted at the URL above)
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Posted on June 3, 2022
Physicists announce first results from Daya Bay's final dataset (phys.org)
The elusive Neutrino subatomic particle reveals it's properties.
https://phys.org/news/2022-06-physicists-results-daya-bay-dataset.html
These are new scientific breakthroughs while flat Earthers and Science Deniers are still walking backward.
Over nearly nine years, the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment captured an unprecedented five and a half million interactions from subatomic particles called neutrinos. Now, the international team of physicists of the Daya Bay collaboration has reported the first result from the experiment's full dataset—the most precise measurement yet of theta13, a key parameter for understanding how neutrinos change their "flavor." The result, announced today at the Neutrino 2022 conference in Seoul, South Korea, will help physicists explore some of the biggest mysteries surrounding the nature of matter and the universe.
Neutrinos are subatomic particles that are both famously elusive and tremendously abundant. They endlessly bombard every inch of Earth's surface at nearly the speed of light, but rarely interact with matter. They can travel through a lightyear's worth of lead without ever disturbing a single atom.
One of the defining characteristics of these ghost-like particles is their ability to oscillate between three distinct "flavors": muon neutrino, tau neutrino, and electron neutrino. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment was designed to investigate the properties that dictate the probability of those oscillations, or what are known as mixing angles and mass splittings.
Only one of the three mixing angles remained unknown at the time Daya Bay was designed in 2007: theta13. So, Daya Bay was built to measure theta13* with higher sensitivity than any other experiment.
Operating in Guangdong, China, the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment consists of large, cylindrical particle detectors immersed in pools of water in three underground caverns. The eight detectors pick up light signals generated by antineutrinos streaming from nearby nuclear power plants. Antineutrinos are the antiparticles of neutrinos, and they are produced in abundance by nuclear reactors. Daya Bay was built through an international effort and a first-of-its-kind partnership for a major physics project between China and the United States. The Beijing-based Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences leads China's role in the collaboration, while the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory co-lead U.S. participation.
To determine the value of theta13, Daya Bay scientists detected neutrinos of a specific flavor—in this case, electron antineutrinos—in each of the underground caverns. Two caverns are near the nuclear reactors and the third cavern is farther away, providing ample distance for the antineutrinos to oscillate. By comparing the number of electron antineutrinos picked up by the near and far detectors, physicists calculated how many changed flavors and, consequently, the value of theta13.
Daya Bay physicists made the world's first conclusive measurement of theta13 in 2012 and subsequently improved upon the measurement's precision as the experiment continued taking data. Now, after nine years of operation and the end of data collection in December 2020, excellent detector performance, and dedicated data analysis, Daya Bay has far exceeded expectations. Working with the complete dataset, physicists have now measured the value of theta13 with a precision two and a half times greater than the experiment's design goal. No other existing or planned experiment is expected to reach such an exquisite level of precision.
"We had multiple analysis teams that painstakingly scrutinized the entire dataset, carefully taking into account the evolution of detector performance over the nine years of operation," said Daya Bay co-spokesperson Jun Cao of IHEP. "The teams took advantage of the large dataset not only to refine the selection of antineutrino events but also to improve the determination of backgrounds. This dedicated effort allowed us to reach an unrivaled level of precision."
The precision measurement of theta13 will enable physicists to more easily measure other parameters in neutrino physics, as well as develop more accurate models of subatomic particles and how they interact.
By investigating the properties and interactions of antineutrinos, physicists may gain insight into the imbalance of matter and antimatter in the universe. Physicists believe that matter and antimatter were created in equal amounts at the time of the Big Bang. But if that were the case, these two opposites should have annihilated, leaving behind only light. Some difference between the two must have tipped the balance to explain the preponderance of matter (and lack of antimatter) in the universe today.
"We expect there might be some difference between neutrinos and antineutrinos," said Berkeley physicist and Daya Bay co-spokesperson Kam-Biu Luk. "We've never detected differences between particles and antiparticles for leptons, the type of particles that includes neutrinos. We've only detected differences between particles and antiparticles for quarks. But the differences we see with the quarks aren't enough to explain why there's more matter than antimatter in the universe. It's possible that neutrinos might be the smoking gun."
The latest analysis of Daya Bay's final dataset also provided physicists with a precise measurement of the mass splitting. This property dictates the frequency of neutrino oscillations.
"The measurement of mass splitting was not one of Daya Bay's original design goals, but it became accessible thanks to the relatively large value of theta13," Luk said. "We measured the mass splitting to 2.3% with the final Daya Bay dataset, an improvement over the 2.8% precision of the previous Daya Bay measurement."
Moving forward, the international Daya Bay collaboration expects to report additional findings from the final dataset, including updates to previous measurements.
Next-generation neutrino experiments, such as the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), will leverage the Daya Bay results to precisely measure and compare properties of neutrinos and antineutrinos. Currently under construction, DUNE will provide physicists with the world's most intense neutrino beam, underground detectors separated by 800 miles, and the opportunity to study the behavior of neutrinos like never before.
"As one of many physics goals, DUNE expects to eventually measure theta13 almost as precisely as Daya Bay," said Brookhaven experimental physicist and Daya Bay collaborator Elizabeth Worcester. "This is exciting because we will then have precise theta13 measurements from different oscillation channels, which will rigorously test the three-neutrino model. Until DUNE reaches that high precision, we can use Daya Bay's precise theta13 measurement as a constraint to enable the search for differences between neutrino and antineutrino properties."
Scientists will also leverage the large theta13 value and reactor neutrinos to determine which of the three neutrinos is the lightest. "The precise theta13 measurement of Daya Bay improves the mass-ordering sensitivity of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which will complete construction in China next year," said Yifang Wang, JUNO spokesperson and IHEP director. "Furthermore, JUNO will achieve sub-percent level precision on the mass splitting measured by Daya Bay in several years."
(Please read the full article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on June 1, 2022
What’s it like to be on Venus or Pluto? We studied their sand dunes and found some clues (theconversation.com)
What is it like to be on the surface of Mars or Venus? Or even further afield, such as on Pluto, or Saturn’s moon Titan?
This curiosity has driven advances in space exploration since Sputnik 1 was launched 65 years ago. But we’re only beginning to scratch the surface of what is knowable about other planetary bodies in the Solar System.
Our new study, published today in Nature Astronomy, shows how some unlikely candidates – namely sand dunes – can provide insight into what weather and conditions you might experience if you were standing on a far-off planetary body.
What’s in a grain of sand?
English poet William Blake famously wondered what it means “to see a world in a grain of sand”.
In our research, we took this quite literally. The idea was to use the mere presence of sand dunes to understand what conditions exist on a world’s surface.
For dunes to even exist, there are a pair of “Goldilocks” criteria that must be satisfied. First is a supply of erodible but durable grains. There must also be winds fast enough to make those grains hop across the ground – but not fast enough to carry them high into the atmosphere.
So far, the direct measurement of winds and sediment has only been possible on Earth and Mars. However, we have observed wind-blown sediment features on multiple other bodies (and even comets) by satellite. The very presence of such dunes on these bodies implies the Goldilocks conditions are met...
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on May 26, 2022
Hipparchus worked out the distance to the Moon in 189 BCE.
Followed by Ptolemy, Aristarchus, lunar radar and laser ranging with the Apollo 11 retro-reflector left on the Moon.
So why do flat Earther's still insist that the Moon is very close (3,000 miles) to the Earth? It's to preserve their outdated religious beliefs. Even faced with reality they cling to past myths.
How to calculate the distance to the Moon with some string and a pencil, by Dr. Becky.
A little trigonometry also helps.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E0VyGi_Kfcg
Before lasers how did we calculate the distance to the Moon? You can do the experiment at home, using the same method as the ancient Greeks, with some string and a pencil to make a homemade compass.
More detail on the lunar eclipse experiment:
https://web.archive.org/web/20121209103226/http://resources.yesican-science.ca/eratosthenes/moon.html
00:00 - How do we calculate the distance to the Moon today?
01:05 - Hipparcus and lunar eclipses
02:15 - Measuring the relative size of the Earth's shadow
03:35 - Eratosthenes and the size of the Earth
04:43 - Trigonometry time!
05:41 - The distance to the Moon
06:11 - Brilliant
07:18 - Bloopers
(Please watch the entire video posted at the URL above)
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How did Hipparchus estimate distance to Moon?
Hipparchus calculated the distance from the moon by looking at the angle of lunar eclipses. He noticed that during a solar eclipse, there is a point on the moon where an observer can only see part of it. This is because, during a solar eclipse, the moon blocks out light to the earth.
https://study.com/academy/answer/how-did-hipparchus-calculate-the-distance-from-the-moon.html
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http://atropos.as.arizona.edu/aiz/teaching/a204/lecture14.html
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Posted on May 25, 2022
Lucy Observes Total Lunar Eclipse from 100 Million Kilometers Away (sci-news.com)
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/lucy-lunar-eclipse-10838.html
Note: These are the same circumstances (observations from a distance) that allowed Galileo in 1610 to discover the Moons of Jupiter and track their orbits and eclipses around the Jovian planet.
NASA’s Lucy spacecraft successfully observed the May 15-16, 2022 total lunar eclipse from a unique vantage point, 100 million km (64 million miles) from the Earth — nearly 70% of the distance between the Earth and the Sun.
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YouTube video: SwRI-led Lucy Mission Observes a Total Lunar Eclipse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0c3ak2_JVts
The May 2022 total lunar eclipse was imaged by the L’LORRI black-and-white camera from aboard the Lucy spacecraft 64 million miles from Earth. In this time-lapse video covering almost three hours, the Earth is seen on the left (its rotation clearly visible), while the Moon (on the right) disappears as it passes into the Earth’s shadow. The Moon, which is much fainter than the Earth, has been brightened sixfold to make it more visible. Credit: NASA/Goddard/APL/SwRI
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Lucy was launched on October 16, 2021 aboard a United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket out of Space Launch Complex 41, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida.
The mission takes its name from the fossilized human ancestor — called ‘Lucy’ by her discoverers — whose skeleton provided unique insight into humanity’s evolution. Likewise, Lucy will revolutionize our knowledge of planetary origins and the formation of the Solar System.
Lucy is currently traveling towards the Earth for a gravity assist on October 16, 2022, to help propel it on its journey to the Trojan asteroids.
“While total lunar eclipses aren’t that rare — they happen every year or so — it isn’t that often that you get a chance to observe them from an entirely new angle,” said Lucy principal investigator Dr. Hal Levison, a researcher at Southwest Research Institute.
“When we realized Lucy had a chance to observe the May 15-16 lunar eclipse as a part of the instrument calibration process, everyone was incredibly excited.”
Lucy’s high-resolution, black-and-white camera, L’LORRI, took 86 1-millisecond exposures from 8:40 p.m. to 11:30 p.m. CDT on May 15 to create a time-lapse video of the first half of the total lunar eclipse.
“Capturing these images really was an amazing team effort,” said Lucy acting deputy principal investigator Dr. John Spencer, also from Southwest Research Institute.
(Please read the sci-news article posted at the URL above)
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Read also:
Galileo's Discovery Of Jupiter's Moons, And How It Changed The World (Forbes Science)
Lucy Spacecraft Mission - Home page
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/lucy/main/index
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Posted on May 23, 2022
A public service announcement. Litigation Update & Defensive article:
Tim Ozman - Funily enough, Ozman's brands are not legally registered trademarks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
Tim Ozman's unregistered marks are Infinite Plane Society, Infinite Plane Radio, Infinite Plane Media, Tim Ozman,
and possibly others we did not research yet.
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Here is how you can search the USPTO (TESS database) official legal Trademarks for yourself...
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USPTO official database search for "Infinite Plane Society"
USPTO official database search for "Infinite Plane Radio"
USPTO official database search for "Infinite Plane Media"
USPTO official database search for "Tim Ozman"
https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/bin/gate.exe?f=searchss&state=4808:1p6t5d.1.1
and more detailed search...
Search for all 4 of the above came back ...
Article for reference:
Tim Ozman - A public service announcement. Litigation Update & Defensive article. Ozman has no legally registered trademarks with the USPTO.
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Posted on May 21, 2022
Video: Starlink satellite train passes over (earthsky.org)
https://earthsky.org/space/video-starlink-satellite-train-passes-over/
Alan Dyer video on Vimeo - https://vimeo.com/711420424?embedded=true&source=vimeo_logo&owner=15695731
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Look carefully at the video above, and you’ll see a Starlink satellite train captured by Canadian astrophotographer Alan Dyer. SpaceX had launched these satellites just two days before Alan caught them, on May 14, 2022. So they were still in a low orbit – relatively close to Earth – and looked brighter than they would a few days later, when each satellite would have boosted itself to a higher orbit. Alan wrote on LinkedIn on May 18, 2022:
Here’s a real-time video recording of the passage of a newly-launched batch of StarLink satellites crossing the sky, showing them as they appear to the unaided eye. They are bright for the first few days after launch. This was May 16, 2022.
Thank for showing us, Alan! By the way, Alan included an interesting narration, in which he describes seeing a Starlink train whose individual satellites looked as bright as a 1st-magnitude star, that is, as bright as the sky’s brightest stars. But again they do get fainter in the days following launch. As Eric Betz explained at a 2021 article at Astronomy.com:
Once launched, a Falcon 9 launch vehicle deploys its batch of 60 Starlink satellites into an initial ‘parking orbit’ at around 270 miles (440 km) above Earth. From there, the individual satellites unfurl their solar panels and slowly start to spread out around the planet. Each satellite also uses its thrusters to gradually boost itself to a higher altitude … As the satellites climb, they grow dimmer, reflecting less sunlight back toward Earth.
There are now about 2,500 Starlinks in orbit around Earth, and SpaceX is launching at a breakneck pace to get more up there. They’ll be used to establish a network for global internet coverage. In fact, the company launched another batch on May 18, 2022, as shown in the Facebook post below...
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All night Satellites, by Amazing Sky
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmAPyXQ0Uxw
This short video serves to demonstrate the crowded sky now above us.
It features a time-lapse sequence shot on the night of June 1-2, 2022 from southern Alberta, Canada at a latitude of 51° N.
At that time of year near summer solstice, and at that northerly latitude, even low-earth orbit satellites are visible all night long, as they are always illuminated. The Sun never sets for them at their altitude of 300 km and higher.
I don’t think any of these are SpaceX StarLink satellites — at least none of the satellites recorded seem to be following along a similar path in a close string, as is the case with newly launched StarLinks.
So this crowded sky can’t be blamed on Elon Musk!
Also, a few of the trails — the coloured and dotted ones, usually low across the south at bottom — are aircraft. A couple of meteors also show up briefly on one frame.
TECHNICAL: This is a sequence of 725 frames, each 20-second exposures at ISO 1600 with the Canon R5 camera and TTArtisan 11mm full-frame fish-eye lens at f/2.8. The camera was on the Star Adventurer Mini tracker to follow the sky — thus the turning ground but stationary sky. Tracking the sky allows the moving satellites to show up better, as the stars don’t trail, only the satellites.
The sequence is presented twice:
The first is assembled normally a rate of 24 frames per second, in this case using LRTimeLapse software for the processing and movie assembly. The second is assembled with groups of adjacent 7 frames (not 8 as in the on-screen caption) blended with a Lighten mode to create lengthier satellite trails, to make them even more obvious. I used the TimeLapseDeFlicker program to assemble the second clip, for its excellent Average and Lighten blend modes.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on May 21, 2022
What is the name of Earth's moon?
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-name-of-Earths-moon
https://www.quora.com/profile/C-Stuart-Hardwick
Q: What is the name of Earth's moon?
When I was a kid, there was a corner in my grandmother’s fence where we cousins had bent the wire repeatedly climbing over. Do you know what we called it? “The place where we bent the wire.” You don’t especially need to name things there is only one of. Even if you invent a new word for such a thing, it isn’t a proper name—a name—but a common noun—a descriptor like, the planet of the apes, the third reich, the moon.
Some cultures have named Earth’s moon, usually (as with the ancient Greeks) as a God or some such, but in English, there is no widely accepted name. It’s just “the moon.”
Until about 1600, most people thought the Earth and its environs were all there was, that it and those handy lights in the sky, the sun and moon, were the whole of creation. Sure, there were hundreds of stars and we gave them proper names, but no one had a clue what they were. Some thought they were angels moving on crystal spheres around the Earth. But at least in western cosmology and theology, there was one thing everyone agreed on: there was only one Earth, one creation, and the moon and sun didn’t need any names because they were the moon and the sun.
And then the telescope came along, and it became clear that those funny wandering stars called the “planets” weren’t stars at all, but were worlds like the Earth, and had moons like the Earth. These planets already had related names based on Greek and Roman mythology, so it made sense to keep on naming them, and to name the moons around them, but there was no reason to suddenly name Earth’s moon or the sun. After all, the sun was still the sun, the one and only, and it would seem weird to name the moon now.
Galileo used his primitive telescope to discover that the Milky Way, that gorgeous glowing band across the night sky, was made up of countless stars, but everyone knew that was all there was. Stars were stars and the sun was the sun and the milky way was the universe was the cosmos. The words all meant the same thing.
It wasn’t until the much, much better telescopes of the twentieth century that Harlow Shapley argued that what were then called “spiral globular nebulae” were actually discrete collections of stars that he called “island universes” or borrowing from the ancient Greeks, “galaxies.” Now Earth and its neighborhood were part of the Milky Way, but the Milky Way was the universe was the cosmos, and these all still meant the same thing.
Then in 1924, Edwin Hubble used the 100 inch Hooker telescope on Mt. Wilson to show that Shapley was more right than he knew. Those nebulae were not star clusters within the Milky Way, but completely separate structures, vastly far beyond it. They were structured like it, and in many cases bigger than it. The Milky Way was no longer the universe, it was a galaxy, one of many, and only one tiny part of the universe.
Finally, in 1976, the International Astronomy Union—the accepted international arbiter of such things, decided enough is enough. As spelled out in IAU Resolution No. 10, approved by the XVIth General Assembly of the IAU in Grenoble, France in 1976. the name of the Moon is the Moon, the name of the Earth is the Earth, and the name of the Solar System is the Solar System, and the name of the Sun is the Sun.
Alas, the issue had already long been resolved by science fiction authors realizing what an oversight it had been not to give our moon and sun names, if for consistency’s sake alone. It particularly becomes a problem when you start writing stories about people to whom our home world, and indeed our home star system, are but one of many. Authors pretty quickly settled, following linguistic precedents as best they could, on the names Luna and Sol for our moon and local star, and on Terra when referring to Earth in grammatical contexts in which “Earth” is awkward, i.e. “Earth’s civilization is the product of the Terran people.”
Still, these terms have not been widely adopted, and I can’t see they are terribly likely to unless a whole lot more people start reading scifi, or at least science, or start building Luna City. But on the other hand, the IAU conventions are in English, and other languages have their own names that go back as far or farther, and in particular, “Luna” comes from the Latin Lunaris, which predates most languages in modern use.
(Please read the full article at the URL posted above)
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Posted on May 18, 2022
Please recognize and support the excellent science proofs by FlatEarth.ws - Debunking Flat Earth Misconceptions.
FlatEarth.ws
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... and many more articles there for you to discover. Thanks FlatEarth.ws for your vital contributions !!
(Please visit the site at the URL posted above)
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Posted on May 12, 2022
Flat Earthers have never forecast the date/time of any eclipse (solar or lunar) event. That's because they have no model that matches reality.
Into Totality: Our Compete Guide to This Weekend's Total Lunar Eclipse, by David Dickinson (universetoday.com)
https://www.universetoday.com/155691/our-complete-guide-to-this-weekends-total-lunar-eclipse/
Don’t miss one of the top astronomical events for 2022: Sunday night’s total lunar eclipse.
The first eclipse season of 2022 reaches its climax this coming weekend, with a fine total lunar eclipse transpiring on Sunday night into Monday morning. All of South America and most of North America will see the eclipse in its entirety, while Alaska and western Canada will see totality underway at moonrise, and western Europe will see the reverse at moonset near dawn.
The Circumstances for Sunday Night’s Eclipse
The Earth’s dark inner umbral shadow is about three times the diameter of the Moon (1.5 degrees across) at the Moon’s average distance from the Earth. You can actually see the curve of the spherical Earth’s shadow crossing the Moon during an eclipse, no special gear needed...
(Please read the article listed at the URL above)
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LIVE - Total Lunar Eclipse, by Reds Rhetoric
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbOBjSeDTew
Notice that the Earth's shadow cast in space is curved ...
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Posted on May 11, 2022
How cold is space?
https://www.quora.com/How-cold-is-space
https://www.quora.com/profile/Viktor-T-Toth-1
Empty space has no temperature.
However, if you were to leave an object somewhere in deep space, far from any stars, planets or other bodies, it will eventually come into thermal equilibrium with the cosmic microwave background (CMB), which is thermal radiation with a temperature of 2.7 K.
Stars continuously produce heat, which they radiate into empty space. They also receive a little radiation from the CMB. However, the power of thermal radiation is proportional to the fourth (!) power of temperature. So a star like our Sun, with a surface temperature of nearly 6,000 K, will emit trillions more times the heat that it receives from the CMB.
We know that gold comes from stars. All stars are comprised primarily of hydrogen and helium. But they contain other elements, which astrophysicists refer to as a star’s metallicity. Our Sun has a high metallicity and contains 67 different elements, including about 2.5 trillion tons of gold.
As for planets, they receive a lot of heat from the Sun. They also emit heat into deep space. And given that a planet like the Earth has an average surface temperature of nearly 300 K, it, too emits millions of times more heat than it receives from the CMB. No problem; it receives plenty of heat from the Sun. Ultimately, a planet like the Earth receives the same amount of heat, on average, from the Sun that it emits into deep space, so its temperature remains approximately constant.
In fact, if space were not this cold, we’d all be in deep trouble. The Earth could not shed the tremendous amount of heat it receives from the Sun. Eventually, its oceans would boil. So we really need the cold of deep space as a sink for our waste heat. As does the Sun… if it could not radiate its heat into deep space, it would blow up soon as its temperature would continue to increase due to the ongoing nuclear fusion in its interior.
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Posted on May 10, 2022
Mudfossil University* - More quackery from people who have no geological training or knowledge.
Debunk by Planarwalk
A Very Confused Man Fails To Understand Simple Diagrams (Mudfossil University), by Planarwalk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SH5p9NFR_y8
Today I decided to take a look at a video put out by Roger from Mudfossil University. I was not prepared for how bad the video was going to be as Roger somehow managed to get EVERYTHING wrong. From failing to understand simple labels on a diagram to confusing two concepts that mean different things even when the diagram says "mucosa" and not "submucosa" to failing to give a name to "little balls" in the interstitium.
Original Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RSWD...
Here is an explanation of those "black balls" from prominent professional MSc Geologist & Teacher at the Central University of Venezuela School of Geology, a friend of mine ...
Note* Mudfossil University has no real academic accreditation of any kind. It's fictitious.
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Mudfossil University (Roger Spurr) - flat Earth advocate FAIL
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Posted on May 7, 2022
NASA Goddard Scientists Begin Studying 50-year-old Frozen Apollo 17 Samples
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/apollo-17-lunar-samples
Scientists at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, recently received samples of the lunar surface that have been curated in a freezer at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston since Apollo 17 astronauts returned them to Earth in December 1972.
This research is part of the Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis Program, or ANGSA, an effort to study the samples returned from the Apollo Program in advance of the upcoming Artemis missions to the Moon’s South Pole.
However, the process of getting the samples from Johnson to researchers at Goddard – as well as researchers at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley, the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., and the University of Arizona, Tucson – wasn’t simple. It’s a process that began more than four years ago when NASA’s Julie Mitchell and her Artemis curation team at Johnson began designing and retrofitting a facility to process the frozen Apollo 17 samples. This was a new approach and scientists were excited to employ a technique that could be applied to future lunar missions.
“We started this in early 2018 and there’s been a lot of technical challenges that we’ve had to overcome to get to this point,” said Mitchell. “This was seen as a practice run for preparing a facility for future cold sample processing.”
“By doing this work we're not just facilitating Artemis exploration, but we're facilitating future sample return and human exploration into the rest of the solar system,” Mitchell added. “I feel very privileged to contribute in this small way by developing the capabilities for us to collect these materials, bring them home safely, and curate them for the long term.”
Once the facility was ready, Ryan Zeigler, Apollo sample curator in the Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES) Division at Johnson, and his team had to adapt to the unique conditions designed by Mitchell’s team to keep the samples frozen during processing, which included decreased visibility due to frost and challenges manipulating the samples while working with thick gloves in a nitrogen-purged glove box, all of which took place inside a walk-in freezer maintained at minus 4 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 20 C). Being able to keep samples frozen will be important for Artemis as astronauts potentially return ice samples from the Moon’s South Pole.
“Everything we do involves a lot of logistics and a lot of infrastructure, but adding the cold makes it a lot harder,” said Zeigler. “It’s an important learning lesson for Artemis, as being able to process samples in the cold will be even more important for the Artemis mission than it is for Apollo. This work gives us some lessons learned and a good feed forward for Artemis.”
Once the frozen samples were processed and subdivided at Johnson by lunar sample processor Jeremy Kent, the samples were then express shipped in a cooler with dry ice, immediately opened at Goddard, and stored in a secure freezer. For the scientists now working with the treasures, there's something special about receiving samples that haven't been investigated in nearly five decades.
Jamie Elsila, a research scientist in the Astrobiology Analytical Laboratory at Goddard, is focusing on the study of small, volatile organic compounds for her research and analysis of the sample. Previous research showed that some lunar samples contain amino acids, which are essential to life on Earth. Her team wants to understand their origin and distribution in the solar system.
“We think some of the amino acids in the lunar soils may have formed from precursor molecules, which are smaller, more volatile compounds such as formaldehyde or hydrogen cyanide,” said Elsila. “Our research goal is to identify and quantify these small organic volatile compounds, as well as any amino acids, and to use the data to understand the prebiotic organic chemistry of the Moon.”
Natalie Curran, principal investigator for the Mid Atlantic Noble Gas Research Lab at Goddard, focuses on understanding the history that the samples may have experienced during their lifetime on the Moon. The surface of the Moon is a harsh environment and unlike the Earth, it doesn’t have an atmosphere to protect it from exposure to space.
“Our work allows us to use noble gases, such as argon, helium, neon, and xenon, to measure the duration a sample has been exposed to cosmic rays, and this can help us understand the history of that sample,” said Curran. “Cosmic rays can be damaging to organic material that may be in a sample, so understanding the duration helps to determine the effects that exposure has had on the organic.”
Both Elsila and Curran are in possession of frozen and non-frozen lunar samples. When these samples were brought to Earth, a portion was stored at room temperature and another portion was frozen, allowing for comparison between the two groups. Scientists will analyze both sets of samples to ascertain if there are differences in the organic content. Understanding any variations caused by the different curation methods might inform future decisions about how to store samples returned by Artemis astronauts, part of what the ARES team at Johnson will be doing.
For Elsila, “it’s very cool to think about all the work that went into collecting the samples on the Moon and then all the forethought and care that went into preserving them for us to be able to analyze at this time,” she noted.
As for Curran, “when you think of how these samples have come from another world, how far they have travelled and the solar system history they have preserved inside of them, it always blows my mind,” she added.
Learn more about how NASA studies Apollo samples and other celestial bodies at:
Subscribe and get the latest NASA news with a weekly update in your inbox:
https://www.nasa.gov/subscribe
(Please read the article at the URL posted above, and subscribe to the NASA weekly update)
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Unboxing Apollo Samples (YouTube video by NASA Goddard)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tF5UCvEA1q8
Scientists at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, recently received samples of the lunar surface that have been curated in a freezer at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston since Apollo 17 astronauts returned them to Earth in December 1972. This research is part of the Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis Program, or ANGSA, an effort to study the samples returned from the Apollo Program in advance of the upcoming Artemis missions to the Moon’s South Pole.
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Posted on May 6, 2022
Why do satellites only travel around the Earth in a west to east direction and not the other way around?
https://www.quora.com/Why-do-satellites-only-travel-around-the-Earth-in-a-west-to-east-direction-and-not-the-other-way-around
https://www.quora.com/profile/Pat-Harkin
Why do satellites only travel around the Earth in a west to east direction and not the other way around?
Remember the first rule of Quora - before asking “why", ask “Is it the case?"!
Most satellites are in prograde orbits as this is more efficient during launch. The hard part of getting to orbit is not getting enough “up", it's getting enough “sideways speed”. By aiming for a west to east orbit, the satellite is already going at 1000mph at launch (on the equator, less if further north or south) due to the earth's rotation, and that starting free speed translates into a significant fuel saving.
But sometimes the direction of orbit is more important that the fuel cost, and there are satellites in other orbits.
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Artificial satellites in retrograde orbit
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_satellites_in_retrograde_orbit
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Posted on May 5, 2022
Why does the Earth rotate? Why doesn't it stop?
https://www.quora.com/Why-does-the-Earth-rotate-Why-doesnt-it-stop
https://www.quora.com/profile/Harry-Keller-5
Why does the Earth rotate? Why doesn't it stop?
Planets do not have to rotate. Look at Venus. It rotates so slowly that it might as well not be rotating. It rotates backward as well. You might think of it as a negative rotation. Therefore, zero rotation is an option for any planet.
Most planets do rotate and rotate in a forward (same direction as revolution) direction. This is all due to the conservationn of angular momentum. (Look them up if you don’t know these terms.) This is expected from modeling of the solar system development. However, the chaos of planet formation can result in a different rotation, even near to zero.
Why doesn’t it stop?
If you put a toy top out in space away from any serious stuff in that near-vacuum and spin it, you could go away and come back years later to see it still spinning at essentially the same speed. This means that it still has the same rotational energy. If you did the same thing inside the ISS, you’d find that it had stopped. Its rotational energy would have been sapped by friction from the air, by the collisions with air molecules. The Earth is like that top, and its rotational speed is decreasing ever so slowly from factors such as the Moon capturing some of its angular momentum and the solar wind creating friction.
The exact length of a day 4 billion years ago is not known, but estimates peg it to around one-quarter of today’s day. In another 4 billion years, it may be twice as long — again, we cannot figure it out exactly due to too many unknown future factors being involved.
It will stop when the Sun swallows it up in 4–5 billion years.
EDIT: Two thousand upvotes! I never thought any of my answers would garner that many. Many thanks.
336.2K views
View 2,180 upvotes
View 11 shares
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Posted on May 3, 2022
We continue to update our prior posts as more information becomes available.
Prior post - Parker Solar Probe - An update on its closest approach to the Sun yet.
Parker Solar Probe continues its record breaking trek, the first to touch the Sun.
New ground breaking discoveries announced.
The Parker Solar Probe is the first spacecraft to fly into the low solar corona. It will assess the structure and dynamics of the Sun's coronal plasma and magnetic field, the energy flow that heats the solar corona and impels the solar wind, and the mechanisms that accelerate energetic particles.
On December 14, 2021, NASA officials revealed that the Parker Solar Probe had successfully pierced through the Sun's outer atmosphere — the corona — and "touched" the star. The historical feat was achieved on April 28, 2021, during the spacecraft's eighth flyby, when it was about 8.1 million miles away from the star.
Parker Solar Probe discovered that this boundary – the Alfvén critical surface – isn't smooth and round. The edge has wrinkles. The spacecraft passed through spikes and valleys as it dove in and out of the boundary.
The probe is designed to reflect much of the incoming light away, but even so, exposed surfaces will get as hot as 1500 °C
The Protective Shield Properties: The thermal Protection System (TPS) is 8 feet (2.4 meters) in diameter and 4.5 inches (115 millimeters) thick to protect Parker Solar Probe from the intense heat generated by the Sun.
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Amazing achievements from the Parker Solar Probe (phys.org)
https://phys.org/news/2022-05-amazing-parker-solar-probe.html
In 2018, NASA launched the Parker Solar Probe on an unprecedented mission to study the sun up close. The mission was defined with three key scientific goals:
- To trace the flow of energy that heats the sun's outer atmosphere.
- To shed light on the sources of the solar wind, the constant flow of solar material escaping from the sun.
- To explore how solar energetic particles—which can make the 93-million mile (150 million kilometer) journey to Earth in under an hour—are transported and accelerated.
Now four years after launch, the mission has made inroads towards achieving these key goals and more. As Parker Solar Probe continues its mission, it continues to break records and capture first-of-its-kind measurements of the sun.
Mission Overview - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_z19KPvV1w
Tribute to Eugene Parker - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qh63UBJsXrU
Why won't it melt? - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TN6rZF5dSRg
Parker touches the Sun for the first time - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkaLfbuB_6E&t=1s
Parker Solar Probe - It's made game-changing discoveries.
Parker Solar Probe carries four instrument suites, and each is now credited with several groundbreaking discoveries. A small sample of them is described below.
The Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons investigation (SWEAP): Surveying where sun becomes solar wind
When Parker Solar Probe entered the solar atmosphere, it made the first-ever crossing of what's known as the Alfvén critical surface—the boundary where solar material anchored to the sun first escapes and becomes the solar wind.
Until this crossing, no one knew what that boundary would look like. During its first pass close enough to cross the boundary, Parker Solar Probe passed into and out of the corona several times. This revealed key information about the boundary's shape, revealing that the Alfvén critical surface wasn't shaped like a smooth ball. Rather, it has spikes and valleys that wrinkle the surface.
The SWEAP instrument established that the wrinkles were due to coronal streamers—giant plumes of solar material rising through the sun's atmosphere. Streamers have long been observed by sun-watching spacecraft near Earth, but never before measured directly. The results are reshaping what we know about the sun's atmosphere and how it transforms into the solar wind.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on May 1, 2022
What question stopped a flat Earther dead in their track?
https://www.quora.com/profile/Richard-Bottomley-1
Well, if you'd like to define “stopping a flatearther in their tracks" as, making them stop talking to you and run away, then he are a couple of my favourites.
Let's look a the commonly depicted “flat earth map". Even if your flat earther doesn't subscribe to this exact one, it doesn't really matter as it works with literally any of them.
- Pick a spot in the southern hemisphere. Draw a line south (opposite north on this map). In that direction an observer can see the point of rotation for all the stars to their south. As can each and every observer anywhere in the southern hemisphere (at night). Which means that they're all looking at the same thing in completely different directions!
- Around the edge of the map is the flatearthers Antarctica. During the summer, everyone throughout most of Antarctica can watch the sun above the horizon apparently moving right to left around them. Try to draw the sun's movement on any flat earth map. It can't be done.
The only responses you'll get from these points (if they haven't already left) is deflection, insults and denial.
Remember, flat earth isn't ever about learning true things, it's about denial of what's known to be true.
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Posted on April 30, 2022
We continue to update our prior posts as more information becomes available.
Prior post - The American Space Agency has successfully flown a small helicopter on Mars. USA first in flight on Earth, Moon and now Mars.
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Ingenuity Spots Perseverance Rover's Landing Equipment on Mars (sci-news.com)
http://www.sci-news.com/space/ingenuity-perseverance-landing-equipment-mars-10756.html
On April 19, 2022, NASA’s Ingenuity helicopter recently surveyed both the parachute that helped the Perseverance rover land on Mars and the cone-shaped backshell that protected the rover in deep space and during its fiery descent toward the Martian surface.
Entry, descent, and landing on Mars is fast-paced and stressful, not only for the engineers back on Earth, but also for the vehicle enduring the gravitational forces, high temperatures, and other extremes that come with entering the Martian atmosphere at 20,000 kph (12,500 mph).
Perseverance’s parachute and backshell were previously imaged from a distance by the rover itself. But those collected by the Ingenuity helicopter — from an aerial perspective and closer — provide more detail.
“NASA extended Ingenuity flight operations to perform pioneering flights such as this,” said Ingenuity’s team leader Teddy Tzanetos, of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
“Every time we’re airborne, Ingenuity covers new ground and offers a perspective no previous planetary mission could achieve.”
In the images of the upright backshell and the debris field that resulted from it impacting the surface at about 126 kph (78 mph), the backshell’s protective coating appears to have remained intact during Mars atmospheric entry.
Many of the 80 high-strength suspension lines connecting the backshell to the parachute are visible and also appear intact.
Spread out and covered in dust, only about a third of the orange-and-white parachute — at 21.5 m (70.5 feet) wide, it was the biggest ever deployed on Mars — can be seen, but the canopy shows no signs of damage from the supersonic airflow during inflation.
“Perseverance had the best-documented Mars landing in history, with cameras showing everything from parachute inflation to touchdown,” said former Perseverance systems engineer and now Mars Sample Return ascent phase leader Ian Clark, also from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
“But Ingenuity’s images offer a different vantage point.”
“If they either reinforce that our systems worked as we think they worked or provide even one dataset of engineering information we can use for Mars Sample Return planning, it will be amazing.”
“And if not, the pictures are still phenomenal and inspiring.”
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This article is based on text provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
(Please read the article at the URL posted above)
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Posted on April 29, 2022
Discovery of 30 exocomets in a young planetary system (phys.org)
https://phys.org/news/2022-04-discovery-exocomets-young-planetary.html
For the past 30 years, the star β Pictoris has fascinated astronomers because it enables them to observe a planetary system in the process of formation. It is made up of at least two young planets, and also contains comets, which were detected as early as 1987. These were the first comets ever observed around a star other than the sun.
Now, an international research team headed by Alain Lecavelier des Etangs, CNRS researcher at the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (CNRS/Sorbonne Université), has discovered 30 such exocomets and determined the size of their nuclei, which vary between 3 and 14 kilometers in diameter. The scientists were also able to estimate the size distribution of the objects, i.e., the proportion of small comets to large ones. This is the first time this distribution has been measured outside our solar system, and it is strikingly similar to that of comets orbiting the sun. It shows that, just like the comets of the solar system, the exocomets of β Pictoris were shaped by a series of collisions and breakups. This work sheds new light on the origin and evolution of comets in planetary systems. Since a part of Earth's water probably originated in comets, scientists are seeking to understand their impact on the characteristics of planets.
Their findings, published in Scientific Reports on April 28, 2022, are the outcome of 156 days of observation of the β Pictoris system using NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Other upcoming observations, in particular with the Hubble and James Webb space telescopes, should enable scientists to find out more in the future.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Discovery of 30 exocomets in a young planetary system (sciencedaily.com)
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220428085828.htm
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Posted on April 28, 2022
How many 'Flat Earthers' understand the difference between "level" and "flat"?
https://www.quora.com/How-many-Flat-Earthers-understand-the-difference-between-level-and-flat
Based on arguments I have seen and how many times people have had to explain this in nearly every flat earth debate, I’d say next to none of them. In fact if you understand the difference, then you understand why flat earth arguments are useless so you wouldn’t be a flat earther. In that sense I guess none of them do.
I’ve had to make diagrams like this due to how often flat earthers fail to understand how up, down and level works
“Water always finds its level” = effectively translates to: “I don’t know the difference between flat and level”. Yes water finds level*. Gravity in conjunction with Pascals Law predicts that it should. Gravity also predicts sea level will be a perimeter around the globe. Nothing predicts that ‘level’ is an arbitrary flat plane across reality. This is not a problem for the globe model so it’s not an argument.
Yet you hear them say that every single time as if it’s some clever gotcha. Especially when they bring up the suez canal, certain bridges and other things that are indeed level, but they get confused how this doesn’t mean they are flat.
What they are essentially doing is trying to imagine a flat world trying to curve. Because they have no concept of the globe they are trying to refute
* Note: I’m using this as a figure of speech. Water of course does not “find” level as water doesn’t intelligently look for things. A more accurate statement is water falls to level.
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Posted on April 27, 2022
SpaceX Crew-4
SpaceX Crew-4 is the Crew Dragon's fourth NASA Commercial Crew operational flight, and its seventh overall crewed orbital flight. The mission launched on 27 April 2022 at 07:52 UTC before docking with the International Space Station at 23:37.
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NASA's SpaceX Crew-4 Mission Overview (NASA Johnson)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12bDSD9RWgg
NASA’s SpaceX Crew-4 Mission Overview The next flight to the International Space Station is ready to launch! NASA’s SpaceX Crew-4 mission will deliver four new crewmembers to the space station and power the next increment of groundbreaking science research. Join NASA’s Kjell Lindgren, Bob Hines and Jessica Watkins, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti, for a look into their expedition to low-Earth orbit, and share their excitement about the prospect of flying on the Dragon vehicle for the first time.
FOLLOW THE SPACE STATION!
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Space_Station
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ISS
Instagram: https://instagram.com/iss/
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Crew Dragon Freedom makes its first docking at the ISS on the Crew-4 mission (nasaspaceflight.com)
https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/dragon-freedom-docks-crew-4/
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Posted on April 25, 2022
The Next Level (2022) - a flat Earth movie sequel
Debunk by Planarwalk
Flat Earth Has A Sequel Movie, And It Has No Evidence Whatsoever, by Planarwalk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NgUNFeTOk4
The Next Level (2022) movie,
sequel to "Level, The Truth Is Hard To Swallow" (2021)
A Sean Hibbeler production.
Planarwalk says:
After the realeasing the abject failure that was Level, the minds behind it decided to release a sequel movie, that is somehow even worse than the original, all without including Eric Dubay. This movie takes a different approach, and attempts to draw flat earthers in with ideas about the earth rather than present any reason why we should believe the earth is flat in the first place.
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Flat Earth: That LEVEL mocumentary, by Sly Sparkane
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0em2yje-f4&t=5s
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Here is the movie...
The Next Level (2022) Truth of Our World (A Sean Hibbeler production)
https://odysee.com/@DocuFilms:f/yt5s.com-The-Next-Level-(2022)-480P--SD--(480p):5
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Our FlatEarthLunacy prior posts
January 23, 2021
Level (2021) the movie
The Next Level (2022) - Flat Earth documentary
Debunk by SciManDan
Starting at time mark: 9:23
Flat Earth Fail Compilation 20, by SciManDan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=F0T6g0MqAjY
Here is Eric Dubays trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J06r7...
Update: February 26, 2021
Debunk by Creaky Blinder
Mars Perseverence Rover Landing || DEBUNKED??, by Creaky Blinder
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWteoneH7Jw
Mars Perseverance Rover Landing || DEBUNKED?? In today's video, we take a look at why ERIC DUBAY thinks Mars Perseverance Rover Landing Is Fake, he offers no alternative explanation or any real reasons why he thinks it has all been faked, all he says is that it's all CGI, but, if you chose to go against the masses then the least you should be able to offer is an alternative version, just repeating that Mars Perseverance Footage Is Fake is not enough.
Eric's video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obP-Un-nc0U
Update: March 7, 2021
Debunk by Professor Stick
More Flat Earthers in Shamples Over Mars Rover, by Professor Stick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYROSp0UxSY
Eric got really twisted about the Mars Perseverance Rover Landing
Update: March 19, 2021
Debunk by SciManDan
Space Denier Can't Accept That NASA Went to Mars!, by SciManDan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eB5NtuN0XFw
Welcome to another Tinfoil Tuesday where today Eric Dubay, the prince of Flat Earth tries to debunk the NASA Perseverance landing! Has he succeeded? I'll let you lot decide...
Here is Eric's original video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obP-U...
25. Update: May 23, 2021
Debunk by Sarcastic Barman
@Eric Dubay Can't Help But Lie, by Sarcastic Barman
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2-2wiQDWOI
Well Eric Must Be Desperate For More Attention After His Level "Documentary" And Has Pulled Up A Video From Buzz Feed Thats A Good Few Years Old, How Much Will He Lie?
Yes I Did Forget The Counter.... Sorrk
Here is Eric Dubay describing himself in his own words ..."anti-semitic, conspiracy theorist, flat Earther, holocaust denier..."
Update: August 9, 2021
Debunk by Bob the Science Guy
Eric Dubay Projection | Word Play, by Bob the Science Guy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUQ0AvEmisQ
The first of our 5 part series on the projection of Eric Dubay and the FE Conspiracy. Here we look at the word play to get around the YouTube Algorithm with misleading titles and code words.
Please take a moment and let me know how the audio and video looks in this presentation, I have some new equipment and need a little feedback. Thanks Team Bob
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Update: August 16, 2021
Debunk by Bob the Science Guy
Eric Dubay Projection | Why Lie???, by Bob the Science Guy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpGSYtCt1n0
The second of our 5 part series on the projection of Eric Dubay and the FE Conspiracy. When attempting to solve a 'crime' understanding the motive is essential. Is asking 'Why would they hide the shape of the earth' a valid question?
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Update: August 23, 2021
Debunk by Bob the Science Guy
Eric Dubay Projections | Hidden Hands, by Bob the Science Guy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOwajFlfG90
Part 3 of our 5 part series on the projection of Eric Dubay and the FE Conspiracy. Who is behind this claimed 'Grand Conspiracy' to hide the 'true shape' of the earth. Eric seems to think it is the MASONS...
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Update: August 30, 2021
Debunk by Bob the Science Guy
Eric Dubay Projections | Logical Fallacies, by Bob the Science Guy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUvwH9aJ9Fs
Part 4 of our 5 part series on the projection of Eric Dubay and the FE Conspiracy. Logical Fallacies and "Explain THIS" as a defense mechanism?
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Update: September 24, 2021
Debunk by SciManDan
Flat Earther Gets Everythibg Wrong, by SciManDan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pf7QtUngK_E
The Prince of Flat Earth, Eric Dubay has decided that it's time to go after the Lunar Module that landed on the moon for the Apollo missions. He just can't accept that the moon landings happened, so he makes the most ridiculous claims about the Lunar Module in today's Flat Earth Friday!
Thank you all for watching!
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Update: September 26, 2021
Debunk by Professor Stick
Sorry, the Earth Still Isn't Flat, by Professor Stick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmqPtmouI38
Eric Dubay attempts to debunk the globe model by playing some tricks with the earth orbit around the sun.
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Update: October 5, 2021
Debunk by Creaky Blinder
Flat Earther Shows Us How NOT To Debunk NASA, by Creaky Blinder
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hv8qAOzDIO4
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Update: November 5, 2021
Debunk by SciManDan
The Funniest Flat Earth Claim Yet, by SciManDan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33AMn8OD81s
Eric Dubay has done it again everyone. He has made a claim that is even funnier that his last. This week on Flat Earth Friday, Eric Dubay presents to us daylight and how it apparently debunks the globe! This one is a MUST WATCH...
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Update: November 28, 2021
Debunk by Professor Stick
Volcanoes Prove Flat Earth!, by Professor Stick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DPLtD1zU4E
How exactly do volcanoes and earthquakes happen on the flat earth? We may never know.
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Update: March 7, 2022
Debunk by Professor Stick
Flat Earth , Flat Brain, by Professor Stick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9y1HkQIPaT0
The Earth isn't flat. But you what is?
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Update: March 20, 2022
Debunk by Professor Stick
The Flatter the Earth, the Flatter the Brain, by Professor Stick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YD92DryLAVw
Part 2 of our flat earth video on 50 scientific reasons against modern astronomy!
Part 1: https://youtu.be/9y1HkQIPaT0
Original Video, The Downfall of Modern Astronomy by Eric Dubay: https://youtu.be/vk8hwjceGLo
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Update: April 23, 2022
Debunk by BlueMarbleScience
Eric Dubay Says Cavendish Can't Be Repeated!, by BlueMarbleScience
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zAdqk2K2Ox8
That's right. According to Eric Dubay, in 220 years, no one has managed to repeat the Cavendish experiment. Wait - I know a guy that did!
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Update: July 9, 2021
Debunk by SciManDan
Totally Demolishing Another Flat Earth Documentary, by SciManDan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AoiT64Jg3U
Totally Demolishing Another Flat Earth Documentary
Last year we took apart the flat Earth documentary "LEVEL" by Eric Dubay and friends.
Here it is: https://youtu.be/sbaz2MUGf2Q
Not content with that smashing they decided to make another one. The next Level. Original I know.
So, what do we do? We debunk the living hell out of it!
Here is the new website. Please do check it out: https://scimandan.co.uk/
Update: August 5, 2021
Debunk by SciManDan
How to Destroy a Flat Earth Documentary, by SciManDan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81MmkPs9ZWk
In a continuation from last month's debunking of the flat Earth documentary "The Next Level" we move on to part two where the Flerfs talk about the North Pole and some flat Earth experiments.
Thank you all for watching.
Here is part one of this debunking: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AoiT...
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Reference our complete article: Flat Earth documentary DEBUNKED - Level (2021) & The Next Level (2022) movie
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Posted on April 24, 2022
Why are the pictures of Neil Armstrong’s foot prints on the moon different from the soles on the boots in the museum?
The misunderstanding and flat Earth deception started with this. All because flat Earthers did not check the facts, and instead wanted to purposely lead the public with another deceit.
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The simple reason is that both Armstrong and Aldrin left their boots on the Moon. They are NOT in any museum. The boots you see in the museum are not the boot used on the moon landing.
The space suits have a kind of boot attached to the end of the legs to hold in pressurized air. But these are just soft soles. When they were walking on the Moon they used “overshoes” or what NASA called “Model A7L Space Boots” They would never need these again so they tossed the boots out the hatch along with the portable life support systems, some camera gear, tools used to collect rocks and even all their old used diapers. They “cleaned house” before they left the Moon and tossed every single item they would not need to compensate for the added weight of the rocks they collected. This was of course planned well in advance.
So the boots are still on the Moon. The boots in the museum are “spares” or replicas that were never used.
Whoever made the web site claiming there is a mismatch is either stupid and failed to check his facts or more likely is INTENTIONALLY misleading people. (I doubt he is stupid.)
Moon hoaxers are motivated by something that must border on mental illness, some kind of disconnection from reality.
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The bottoms of the boots are covered with Velcro hook & loop tape to aid in staying in place while operating the lander (spring loaded restraints also helped). Velcro is not what one wears on the Lunar surface, however, so if you look in the lower right corner of the image, you’ll see the lunar overshoes used to improve traction in the loose lunar soil and low gravity, and to cut down on tracking dust back into the lander.
Up close, they look like this:
And like this:
And they made boot prints like this:
And like this:
Is there something we don’t understand here?
If you’re interested in space, you might like my cstuarthardwick.com/qr
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Fact Check-Apollo 11 astronauts left their space boots on the moon (reuters.com)
https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-apollo-boots/fact-check-apollo-11-astronauts-left-their-space-boots-on-the-moon-idUSL1N2PH26C
Users have been comparing a photograph of U.S. astronaut Neil Armstrong’s space suit with a photograph of a footprint on the moon and falsely claiming that the moon landing must have been faked due to the boot’s sole and footprint not matching. In reality, Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin’s boots were left on the moon when they returned from the 1969 mission.
Examples can be seen here and here .
The text in one post reads: “Can someone fact check this .. Hey …Neil Armstrong’s astronaut suit, preserved in a museum …doesn’t match up with his footprints on the moon!”
As commander of the Apollo 11 mission, Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the moon on July 20, 1969. As he stepped on the dusty surface, Armstrong said: “That’s one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind.” (here)
The photograph of the suit seen in the posts does show Armstrong’s space suit. It was taken by astronomer and author Phil Plait and featured in a Slate article on July 20, 2015 (here). Plait also posted a photo of himself with the suit on his Twitter page (here).
The photograph of the footprint shows astronaut Buzz Aldrin’s boot print on the surface of the moon (here). The bottom of the boots visible in photos here and here , showing the striped sole matching the footprint.
Photographs of the shoes leaving the threaded footprints can be seen here and here .
These original boots worn by the Apollo 11 astronauts were left on the moon because of weight concerns. (here). A list of items the astronauts left behind during the Apollo 11 mission can be seen here and here , including the boots.
Astronaut Michel Lopez-Alegria posted about the boots on his Twitter page on July 17, 2021 (here), saying: “#DidYouKnow Neil Armstrong’s moon boots are still on the moon, and it wasn't an accident. He left them in order to compensate for the additional weight brought back by collecting moon rocks. #Countdown #Apollo50”
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False ‘boot print’ comparison shared in Facebook posts about Neil Armstrong’s Moon landing (factcheck.afp.com)
https://factcheck.afp.com/false-boot-print-comparison-shared-facebook-posts-about-neil-armstrongs-moon-landing
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Posted on April 21, 2022
Happy 5th Birthday - FlatEarthLunacy.com
Articles written = 1,606
Posts = 858
Pages read = 443,020
We post almost every day, showing you the latest science, astronomy, physics and satellite information that confirms the Earth is a GLOBE.
We feature videos from your favorite flat Earth debunkers: AB Science, Greater Sapien, Astronomy Live, BlueMarbleScience, Bob the Science Guy, Conspiracy Catz, CoolHardLogic, Critical Think, dazzathecameraman, Fight the Flat Earth, George Hnatiuk, GeoStrober, halsoy, Hugh Jarsz, Jos Leys, Krafty Keelah, Kurtis Baute, Mark Kreager, Martymer 81, MCToon, Mick West, PhD Tony, Planarwalk, Professor Dave Explains, Reds Rhetoric, Respect Your Intellect, Right Side Up, SciManDan, Schrodinger's Cat, Shawn Hufford, Sly Sparkane, Soundly, Tau Ceti Alpha, The Creaky Blinder, Wade's Underworld, WheresWally, Wolfie 6020, our JonahTheScientist, plus others.
We update our posts to keep information current. Revist time and again.
FlatEarthLunacy 800+ post URL links
Our ARCHIVES document the history of the flat Earth movement over the past 150+ years.
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Posted on April 18, 2022
Eotvos Effect - a measurement that verifies the Earth's rotation and speed.
Debunk by Bob the Science Guy
Eotvos Effect Nathan Melts Down, by Bob the Science Guy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLaZ9t214BA
Just a little discussion of the Eotvos Effect- the reason objects have weight changes based on east/west movement over the rotating earth.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eötvös_effect
Eötvös effect
The Eötvös effect is the change in perceived gravitational force caused by the change in centrifugal acceleration resulting from eastbound or westbound velocity. When moving eastbound, the object's angular velocity is increased (in addition to Earth's rotation), and thus the centrifugal force also increases, causing a perceived reduction in gravitational force.
In the early 1900s (decade), a German team from the Institute of Geodesy in Potsdam carried out gravity measurements on moving ships in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. While studying their results, the Hungarian nobleman and physicist Baron Roland von Eötvös (Loránd Eötvös) noticed that the readings were lower when the boat moved eastwards, higher when it moved westward. He identified this as primarily a consequence of Earth's rotation. In 1908, new measurements were made in the Black Sea on two ships, one moving eastward and one westward. The results substantiated Eötvös' claim. Since then, geodesists use the following formula to correct for velocity relative to Earth during a measurement run.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on April 16, 2022
A view of the Moon not possible from the Earth.
Apollo 16 in Pictures: "The Most Dazzling Place" (skyandtelescope.org)
https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/apollo-16-pictures-the-most-dazzling-place/
"The Apollo 16 crew photographed this view of the Moon, showing a mixture of familiar nearside features and some areas of the far side not visible from Earth."
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Today marks the 50th anniversary of humanity’s fifth crewed lunar launch — the highly successful and fascinating Apollo 16.
Launched on April 16th, 1972, and returning to Earth 11 days later, Apollo 16 was commanded by John Young. He and his lunar module pilot Charles (Charlie) Duke spent three days on the Moon’s surface. Command and service module pilot Ken Mattingly stayed in lunar orbit, performing experiments.
To understand the Apollo 16 mission, it’s important to consider the scientific context of the time. If you take a quick look at the Moon, it’s clear that the surface features two major types of geography: the dark-colored basaltic mares and the lighter, rugged highlands. A popular theory at the time of the Apollo missions held that some highland regions were the products of lunar volcanism. Apollo 16’s landing site was chosen so that the astronauts might locate volcanic rocks.
In the end, the landing site proved to be shaped far more by meteorite impacts than volcanism, with sedimentary rocks called breccia making up many of the samples. The force of impacts had fused together the rock fragments that made up the breccia. The extensive geology training that the astronauts received to prepare them for the mission aided them in correctly assessing what they saw at the landing site.
Naturally, the crew members returned a vast number of photographs during their voyage, too. In celebration of the mission’s 50th anniversary, we’ve selected a variety of images to showcase their achievements — including a few that rarely see publication. Enjoy!
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on April 14, 2022
In a first, International Space Station (ISS) astronauts seen from the ground during a spacewalk.
ISS astronauts in action, seen from the Earth (earthsky.org)
https://earthsky.org/todays-image/iss-astronauts-in-action-seen-from-earth/
ISS astronauts caught on camera
In a one-of-a-kind, once-in-a-lifetime image, a German amateur astronomer captured not one, but two astronauts servicing the International Space Station during a spacewalk on March 23, 2022. He announced his achievement a few days later when he realized his image showed not just one ISS astronaut, but two.
Visible in the image are astronauts Matthias Maurer, a German materials scientist who was on his first spacewalk, and Raja Chari, a test pilot and member of NASA Astronaut Group 22.
Sebastian Voltmer holds a doctorate in scientific photography. He’s from Oberthal, a small town in Germany, which happens to be the hometown of Mattias Maurer. In fact, Voltmer and Maurer are friends. Voltmer released an early version of the image for publication by the local press and shared the image online. It caught the attention of veteran ISS photographer Philip Smith. Smith noticed Voltmer had not only imaged Maurer, but Chari as well. Voltmer described his excitement over the image when shared it via spaceweathergallery.com:
Due to my time constraints, I released this version right away on the internet, which then went viral. I continued to work on the final image version with both highlighted astronauts. Already two days after the spacewalk happened, Philip Smith contacted me. He is a world well-known photographer of all things ISS and has been published in many forms of media. Philip Smith with his ISS obsession, noticed on my picture that NASA astronaut Raja Chari is also detectable on the robot arm Canadarm2. And he created a wonderful combination picture shown here with an insert from the NASA livestream. I feel like I just made a once-in-a-lifetime image :) It’s probably the first ground-based picture showing two spacewalkers on the ISS at the same time.
continue ...
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Sebastian Voltmer's telescope used for that sighting and pictures...
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Sebastian Voltmer's footage of the event...
ISS captured through my backyard telescope, Sebastian Voltmer on his YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=peozuHGLihg
YouTube channel - spacemovie
Space Movies and Sound Tracks by Sebastian Voltmer
https://www.youtube.com/user/spacemovie/featured
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Posted on April 13, 2022
Space: Off-Planet Détente (strategypage.com)
https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htspace/articles/20220409.aspx
There may be serious diplomatic, economic and military tensions between the United States and Russia because of Russian invading Ukraine in February, but off planet, on the ISS (International Space Station) cooperation between Russia and the United States continues as before. The latest crew capsule to return to earth carried two Russians (Anton Shkaplerov and Pyotr Dubrov) and one American; Mark Vande Hei, who had been on the ISS for 355 days. The Soyuz capsule landed as usual, in Central Asia (Kazakhstan) and the flowing day was flown back to the United States aboard a NASA aircraft.
Roscosmos has long provided regular deliveries of supplies and transport of crew to and from the ISS. Russia uses its Soyuz SLV (Satellite Launch Vehicles) to put the Russian cargo and passenger capsules into orbit where the final stage of the SLV maneuvers to dock at the ISS to deliver or cargo or passengers. Russia and the United States are the major suppliers of new components to the ISS and use their own SLVs to get these components into orbit.
Despite the tension between Russia and the other nations responsible for operating the ISS, Russia is maintaining its scheduled duties up there...
...At that point the ISS will have been continually inhabited since 2000, with the crew of seven normally spending six months up there. Astronaut Vande Hei remained up there for two tours as an experiment to see how longer periods in weightlessness affected humans. The record stay in orbit was by a Russian cosmonaut who spent 455 days aboard the Russian Mir space station in 1994-95. This was the last of eight Russian space stations and the one that remained occupied the longest (4,594 days). The 130-ton Mir was brought down in 2001 after Russia joined the fifteen-nation ISS consortium. The 420-ton ISS has been in orbit since 1998 and occupied for over 11,000 days. The only other active space station is the 23-ton Chinese Tiangong that went up in 2021 and has been occupied for nearly a year by three to six people at a time....
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on April 12, 2022
Competition to provide space tourism options are heating up.
Flat Earthers: be sure to check the windows before launch to verify they are not fisheye or distorted.
Get an Inside Look at Space Perspective's Stratospheric Lounge (With Bar) - universetoday.com
https://www.universetoday.com/155400/get-an-inside-look-at-space-perspectives-stratospheric-lounge-with-bar/
Mood lighting, swanky seats, plants, a bar … and a restroom with an out-of-this-world view: Those are the sorts of perks you’d expect on a luxury cruise, but the cruise that Space Perspective plans to offer with those amenities will take you 100,000 feet up, lofted by a balloon.
The Florida-based venture has just unveiled the interior design for its Spaceship Neptune capsule, which is meant to carry up to eight passengers and a pilot into the stratosphere for a look at the curving Earth beneath the black sky of space.
Space Perspective says more than 600 customers have put in their reservations at a price of $125,000 for trips that are due to begin in 2024. And to whet your appetite for the adventure, the company is offering an interactive 3-D visualization of the capsule that you can wander through virtually...
(Please read the full article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on April 11, 2022
Sly Sparkane FE debunker extraordinaire: his experiments proving the Earth is indeed a globe.
Flat Earth: What Sly did..
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DhsewVSp6Q
I love being asked "But Sly.. what work have YOU done???"
1.Flat Earth: Debunked
Link https://youtu.be/V03eF0bcYno
Oct 1, 2017
2. Flat Earth: Big East tests / Flat Earth: Oakley's Butthurt
Link https://youtu.be/hkfJ0ImyT0s
Apr 30, 2018
Link https://youtu.be/dAkzZnUt9e8
Mar 4, 2020
3. Flat Earth: Plumbline test
Link https://youtu.be/9K9AyUDq9KY
Streamed live on Sep 21, 2020
4. Flat Earth: Star-trails prove Rotating Earth
Link https://youtu.be/z3E1hq06bmU
Jun 27, 2017
5. Flat Earth: About that Horizon
Link https://youtu.be/w7i7DHsV0R4
Jun 13, 2021
6. Flat Earth: You wanted Curvature
Link https://youtu.be/sri-LOvsS6E
Aug 17, 2017
7. Flat Earth vs The Egg
Link https://youtu.be/zEpFSh1B1-4
Oct 26, 2020
8. Flat Earth: Debunked by Perspective
Link https://youtu.be/5kZwIO1Ycm4
Jul 29, 2016
9. Flat Earth: Dazza's Equinox Analysis
Link https://youtu.be/822oDc3_9AQ
Oct 9, 2016
10. Flat Earth: Debunked by the Sun
Link https://youtu.be/3sbzVh2XRW0
Streamed live on Jan 7, 2018
A. "The FOG" Silent Movie
Link https://youtu.be/EIjaTQAVGng
Streamed live on Aug 16, 2019
B. Flat Earth: Rob Skiba Proves Globe @ B @ redebunk
Link https://youtu.be/Nz70KyLqJl4
Streamed live on Jul 12, 2017
Link https://youtu.be/CCATITtUn28
Streamed live on Jul 13, 2017
Link https://youtu.be/qa6H8WXZAeo
Streamed live on Jul 16, 2017
C. Flat Earth: World Record Curvature
Link https://youtu.be/ZfeeN90XiBQ
Nov 8, 2017
D. Flat Earth: Dwayne Kellum's 3rd Balloon
Link https://youtu.be/pYeXtSTMWXs
Jul 5, 2016
Quickie Playlist https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hehmR...
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Posted on April 8, 2022
Axiom - 1 launches first ever private crewed mission to ISS (nasaspaceflight.com)
https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/04/axiom-1-launch/
The first private crewed mission to the station is using the Crew Dragon Endeavour, flying its third mission, and will remain docked to the ISS for 8 days out of the planned 10-day flight.
The Crew Dragon Endeavour is making its third trip to the space station on this mission following the Demo-2 flight with Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley that returned the US to the human spaceflight business in May-August 2020 as well as the Crew-2 mission with Shane Kimbrough, Megan McArthur, Akihiko Hoshide, and Thomas Pesquet over that 199-day flight to the ISS last year.
Endeavour rode into orbit atop Falcon 9 B1062, making its fifth flight. B1062’s four previous flights included two GPS missions, the first private human orbital spaceflight in Inspiration4, and Starlink 4-5.
The mission launched into a 51.6-degree orbit, flying a northeast trajectory from Kennedy. The booster also landed on the A Shortfall of Gravitas drone ship in the Atlantic Ocean off the US southeast coast.
Endeavour reached orbit eight minutes 48 seconds after liftoff and separated from the second stage of the Falcon 9 after 12 minutes 57 seconds of flight...
... After docking, the Ax-1 crewmembers will spend the next 8 days at ISS conducting up to 25 scientific experiments as well as outreach work. Time will also be taken to familiarize the crew with the station’s surroundings.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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NBC Nightly News Full Broadcast - April 8 (NBC News)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDmPBFUH_Uc
Starting at time mark: 14:08
SpaceX Axiom - 1 Pivotal Launch
Axiom plans to build their own modules onto the ISS.
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First all-civilian crew launches on mission to International Space Station (nbcnews.com)
https://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/first-civilian-crew-set-launch-mission-international-space-station-rcna23391
The flight, organized by the Houston-based company Axiom Space, follows a pair of high-profile trips to suborbital space last year by Richard Branson and Jeff Bezos.
Four private citizens made history Friday by launching into orbit on the first wholly private mission to the International Space Station with an all-civilian crew.
The flight, organized by the Houston-based company Axiom Space, lifted off Friday at 11:17 a.m. EST from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida...
... The Ax-1 crew will now spend more than 20 hours journeying to the International Space Station. The foursome is expected to stay eight days at the orbiting outpost, where they will participate in a host of science experiments and philanthropic projects, including health-related research for the Mayo Clinic and the Montreal Children's Hospital...
(Please read the NBC article at the URL posted above)
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Posted on April 7, 2022
Professor Dave delivers knock down blows to David Weiss' (DITRH) flat earth nonsense
Attwood Unleashed 53 - Flat Earth Debate Featuring David Weiss & Professor Dave, by Shaun Attwood
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIYr7Uak2rY&t=359s
David Weiss displays his outrageous ignorance of Astronomy and Physics.
(Please watch the video posted at the URL above. David's stupidity is entertaining.)
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Professor Dave Humiliates Flat Earther David Weiss (DITRH Debunked Live)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=he-7vs0BkLE
For months now, hordes of idiots have been lurking in my comments sections, aggressively insisting that I need to debate David Weiss, because he's some kind of flat earth messiah who is undebunkable, and I should cower in the face of his might. Of course I ignored them because he is a two-bit charlatan and who cares what idiots say, but then a channel with almost 700k subscribers asked if I would debate Weiss on his channel, and I figured it might be a good way to pick up a few subscribers, and also humiliate a flat earth icon irreparably in the process.
And folks, that's exactly what happened. From the moment he opened his mouth to the moment we left the stream, I took every single word he said and demonstrated in real time how David Weiss is a science illiterate moron that doesn't understand basic concepts learned in elementary school, just like every other pointless flat earth grifter.
Anyone who watches this exchange and still refers to him as a credible source of information is in complete denial of reality and hopelessly unreachable.
Of course that describes most flat earthers, so I'll see you dummies in the comments section complaining about what a meany mean-pants I am instead of admitting to yourself that you are completely unable to address a single thing I said in this absolutely airtight, relentless destruction of a toxic influence on society. Toodles!
Originally streamed 4/6/22 on Shaun Attwood's channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIYr7...
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The Battle of the Daves Part 1 (Bob the Science Guy)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmP6q6ZqlEU
DITRH has been challenging Professor Dave to a debate for quite some time. Well, he needs to be careful what he wishes for, as Dr. Bob analyzes the resulting trip to the woodshed.
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Posted on April 5, 2022
Amazon just booked up to 83 rockets to launch its own internet service
Amazon announces huge rocket deal to launch its satellite internet constellation (cnn.com, Jackie Wattles)
https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/05/tech/amazon-satellite-internet-kuiper-launch-deal-scn/index.html
New York (CNN Business)Amazon (AMZN) is moving its business into the exosphere, with plans to deploy more than 3,000 satellites to beam internet connectivity all over the planet. On Tuesday, the company announced deals with three rocket companies that will launch those satellites.
The agreement includes two veteran rocket builders — United Launch Alliance, which is joint venture between Boeing and Lockheed Martin, and European company Arianespace — as well as Blue Origin, the rocket company started by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, which is still working to develop a rocket capable of reaching orbit.
Blue Origin's 5th human space flight - Captain Hamish Harding (One More Orbit)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33LiR-FARkM
Bezos remains the executive chairman of Amazon.
The contracts include a total of up to 83 launches, which Amazon is calling one of the largest commercial launch deals ever inked. The launches will take place over about five years. All three rockets that Amazon plans to use for these missions are not in operation yet but are expected to enter service later this year or 2023. Financial details were not disclosed.
In an interview with CNBC Tuesday, Dave Limp, Amazon's senior vice president for devices and services, said only that the contracts will cost Amazon "billions."
He added that the company's goal is to launch a few test satellites to orbit within the next year or so. And, if all goes to plan, Amazon will deploy at least half the Project Kuiper constellation, or more than 1,600 satellites, by 2026. But the company can begin commercial services with just a few hundred satellites, Limp said. He declined to discuss how much the service might cost consumers...
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on April 4, 2022
NASA uses moonlight to improve satellite accuracy (phys.org)
https://phys.org/news/2022-04-nasa-moonlight-satellite-accuracy.html
NASA has more than 20 Earth-observing satellites that give researchers a global perspective on the interconnected Earth system. Many of them measure light waves reflected, scattered, absorbed, or emitted by Earth's surface, water and atmosphere. This light includes visible light, which humans see, as well as invisible ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, and everything in between. Like musical instruments in an orchestra, the individual satellite instruments need to be "in tune" with each other in order for researchers to get the most out of their data. By using the Moon as a "tuning fork," scientists can more easily compare data from different satellites to look at global changes over long periods of time.
harbors life'
(Please read the article at the URL posted above)
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Posted on March 28, 2022
Asteroid Ryugu harbors life's building blocks (earthsky.org)
https://earthsky.org/space/asteroid-ryugu-organic-compounds-amino-acids-hayabusa-2/
An analysis of samples from asteroid Ryugu, brought to Earth by Japan’s Hayabusa 2 mission in 2020, reveals that the asteroid is rich in primitive organic material. That’s according to researchers in Japan, who detailed their findings in two new papers presented at the 53rd annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas, March 7 to 11, 2022. The asteroid contains 10 types of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins and life as we know it on Earth. The scientists said these are the most primitive asteroid samples yet studied. They said the findings provide important clues as to how life might have first developed on Earth and how the raw organic materials might have been delivered to Earth billions of years ago.
You can read the first of the two papers here, and the second one here.
(Please read the whole article and view the pictures in it at the URL posted above)
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Posted on March 27, 2022
Don't forget that USA, China and Russia each have brought back Moon rocks to the Earth.
*
Curator Lunar
https://curator.jsc.nasa.gov/lunar/
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China just brought Moon rocks back to Earth for the firt time in its history (technologyreview.com)
https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/12/16/1014773/china-moon-rocks-back-earth-chang-e-5/
China's Moon rocks are ready to be loaned out for science research (space.com)
https://www.space.com/china-moon-rock-chang-e-5-science-update
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Posted on March 26, 2022
Zeteticism, holds that you cannot and should not believe anything you can’t test with your own senses.
Do flat-Earthers really believe the world is flat or do they just want to go against the norm/science to seem enlightened? (C. Stuart Hardwick)
https://www.quora.com/Do-flat-Earthers-really-believe-the-world-is-flat-or-do-they-just-want-to-go-against-the-norm-science-to-seem-enlightened
Now, on the surface, zeteticism sounds reasonable.* Testing your beliefs against reality is certainly important—there is no other way to test them, after all. Ultimately, that simple idea is all science is. But demanding you test everything directly and personally is cripplingly useless—and indeed, flat Earthers don’t do that—they apply zeteticism selectively, only to one or two phenomena popular in their peer group—as of course they must.
Here is a short list of statements that, on the surface and relying only on your own direct observation of the world, should seem implausible:
- I am talking to you over a global network of machines, each of which is hundreds of millions of times more reliable than a car.
- There are people in countries you haven’t visited who speak entirely different languages.
- Other people are conscious beings.
- You are made of atoms.
- There are over 7 billion people.
- People hunted the passenger pigeon to extinction.
- Arsenic will kill you.
- Bacteria are needed to fix nitrogen for most plants to grow.
- Bacteria and viruses exist, and can make you sick.
- Microscopic fungi are responsible for leavening bread.
If you don’t find any of those statements surprising, it’s only because you already take their truth for granted. For most of us, any statement you can make to justify your belief in any of these statements, you can also make to justify belief the Earth’s a sphere. But the same arguments a flat Earther gives for thinking the Earth is flat would equally apply to any of these, since they generally lack the expertise to test them themselves, and could not do so without instruments they would not trust anyway.
The more reasonable flat Earther will say “the world looks flat to me, and I just don’t think I should believe it’s a globe if I can’t see it.” But oddly, few of them will then say “the world doesn’t look like it’s full of invisible germs, so I don’t think I need to refrigerate my food or wash my hands.”
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This inability to universalize betrays intellectual laziness (or if we’re less charitable, ineptitude), and this is evident throughout flat-Earth arguments. The reason debating a flat Earther is so frustrating is that they have answers for any objection, and switch fluidly between them, oblivious that the answers they give are mostly mutually exclusive. When you point it out, they think you are trying to trick them.
The simple fact is, it is possible to observe the curvature of the Earth directly if you’re willing to put forth a little effort. You can watch ships sail over the horizon and simply accept that they are doing what they appear to be doing—instead of inventing wild speculations to explain that simple fact away. You could take up surveying and easily demonstrate that the angles of a triangular plot of any size, anywhere on Earth do not sum to 180 degrees as they must on a plane—but you’d have to learn surveying. You could plot the motion of shadows from a standardized stick staked out in the sun and compare them from different locations—but you’d have to keep records and do math to interpret the results. You could plot the exact location of the sun and moon at a given time each day, and see how that squares with your flat Earth model (it doesn’t). You could—right now—contact and speak with someone a dozen time zones away and simply ask them whether it’s day or night there, but they might all be in on it, right?
And of course, what you see directly with your own senses is often demonstrably wrong anyway. Don’t believe me? Point to your blind spot. There, right there. You don’t see it? Of course you don’t, your brain is lying to you. It’s just flatly wrong (pun intended) for flat Earthers to hold up their own senses as the high bar (and only bar) of scientific evidence. Indeed, the scientific method was created specifically to protect truth seekers from the unreliability of their own personal perception. Your senses and biases lie to you—all the time—constantly—more often than not. Accept that reality, and you turn the flat Earth claim on its head.
Zeteticists fail to see that all information arrives through your senses, whether the view of the horizon out a spaceship window, or a picture of the window on the Internet, or the voice of an astronaut describing the view, or a stone age painting of the scene through the mouth of a cave. All information arrives through the senses, but some information requires a little more effort to decode than others—and all information required more effort to decode than the naive “I only believe what I see.”
If you only believe your own eyes, you are wrong about almost everything, almost all the time.
If a flat-Earther calls up a person on the other side of the world and is told it’s morning instead of night, they have to decide whether to believe that report—and they just don’t know how to do that. Since they don’t know how to form a coherent logical argument, they don’t know how to assess the truthfulness and expertise of a witness.
But here’s the odd bit. I’ll bet if you ask a Nebraskan flat Earther to pick someone randomly out of a Japanese phonebook, call them up and ask whether it’s light out, they’ll tell you they can’t because they don’t speak Japanese. They’ll accept the overwhelming secondhand evidence that people in Japan speak Japanese, but not that they are on the other side of the globe.
Which brings us back to where most of us started, and I’m afraid there just is no way to sugar coat this. Sincere flat Earthers just don’t know how to reason. They believe they do, and they are able to parrot logical arguments, but at least for certain closely held ideas, they just can’t pull off a real, holistic, logically consistent and non-self refuting line of reasoning—or see their own inability to do so.
* Just like it sounds reasonable to tell children never to lie—until considering that literally doing so would make you rude and a patsy.
(Please read the whole article and view the pictures in it at the URL posted above)
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Posted on March 25, 2022
Parallax measurement of the Moon determines "r" (radius of the Earth) accurately. We do live on a globe.
Attention flat Earthers! Just get a friend and do the same experiment for yourself to see reality.
But the problem with flat Earthers, is that they won't. They'd rather deny to perpetuate their illusion.
Wally and Wolfie Moon Flat Earth and They Measure R and Their R's are Perfect
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpNfRXWBMU8
Just a few meters off the accepted value for the RADIUS of the Earth
WheresWally Measures The Earths Radius - It was Super Easy, Barely An Inconvenience - 3 BTC PLZ
WheresWally - https://youtu.be/o1EOR-J9nGI
Latitude Adjustment for Earths Radius
https://rechneronline.de/earth-radius/
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Posted on March 24, 2022
Astronomers are observing how planetary systems form around new stars. Examples found.
Folks, learn real science. Solar system formation is a natural process that takes millions of years. Don't continue to accept outdate belief systems.
Astronomers See the Wreckage Where Planets Crashed Into Each Other in a Distant Star System (universetoday.com)
https://www.universetoday.com/155134/astronomers-see-the-wreckage-where-planets-crashed-into-each-other-in-a-distant-star-system/
Our Solar System was born in chaos. Collisions shaped and built the Earth and the other planets, and even delivered the building blocks of life. Without things smashing into each other, we might not be here.
Thankfully, most of the collisions are in the past, and now our Solar System is a relatively calm place. But frequent collisions still occur in other younger solar systems, and astronomers can see the aftermath.
The aftermath of a collision is an opportunity to learn something about planet formation. When a collision between distant objects occurs, astronomers train their telescopes on it to figure out what happened. Astronomers used the Spitzer Space Telescope and other facilities to track the aftermath of a collision around a young star named HD 166191.
HD 166191 is a ten million-year-old star about 330 light-years from the Sun. It’s caught astronomers’ attention because it’s a protoplanetary disk transitioning to a debris disk. Years of observations showed a post-collision debris cloud passing in front of the star, giving scientists a novel look at collisions and their aftermath.
The study is titled “A Star-sized Impact-produced Dust Clump in the Terrestrial Zone of the HD 166191 System.” The lead author is Kate Su, an astronomer at Steward Observatory in the University of Arizona. The paper is available online at The Astrophysical Journal.
“By looking at dusty debris disks around young stars, we can essentially look back in time and see the processes that may have shaped our solar system,” Su said in a press release.
The team of astronomers started watching HD 166191 back in 2015. They observed the young solar system more than 100 times between 2015 and 2019. The system is too young to have fully-grown planets, but planetesimals and maybe even dwarf planets are bound to be orbiting the star. Unfortunately, they’re too small and distant to see in telescopes.
But planetesimals are the building blocks of planets. And those blocks don’t accrete in an orderly fashion. Instead, they crash into each other, sometimes shattering into smaller chunks, sometimes melding together to eventually form larger rocky planets.
Those collisions produce dust clouds that are visible in infrared. Energy from the star strikes the dust and emits infrared light. And that’s what the team saw in their observations with Spitzer. In 2018, the team observed a marked increase in brightness at HD 166191. The increase suggests that the amount of dust around the star increased dramatically. “The large-scale infrared brightening obviously points to a huge increase in the debris emission…” the authors write.” ...
(Please read the article at the URL posted above).
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Astronomers Find Protoplanetary Disks in Orion Molecular Clouds (sci-news.com)
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/protoplanetary-disks-orion-molecular-clouds-10653.html
Astronomers using NSF’s Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array have detected 97 disks of gas and dust around young protostars in the constellation of Orion, which is home to the closest star-forming regions to Earth.
“Stars form from clouds of gas and dust that collapse under the force of their own gravity,” said lead author Dr. Patrick Sheehan, an astronomer at Northwestern University and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, and his colleagues.
“Because of the initial angular momentum of the collapsing material, much of the material in the cloud forms into a disk rather than collapsing straight onto the star forming at the center.”
“Material is then accreted through the disk onto the star, which in turn regulates much of the final build up of stellar mass.”
“Moreover, it is in these protostellar disks that planets are expected to form, and so understanding their properties throughout their evolution is crucial for understanding how planets form.”
To understand this process better, the astronomers conducted a radio survey of young stars in the Orion Molecular Clouds, a giant star-forming region approximately 1,400 light-years from Earth in the constellation Orion...
(Please read the article at the URL posted above).
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Posted on March 24, 2022
Saturns moon Enceladus reveals some of its secrets
We Now Understand Why Enceladus has 'Tiger Strip' Cracks at its Southern Pole (universetoday.com)
https://www.universetoday.com/155116/we-now-understand-why-enceladus-has-tiger-stripe-cracks-at-its-southern-pole/
One of the biggest surprises of the 13-year Cassini mission came in Enceladus, a tiny moon with active geysers at its south pole. At only about 504 kilometers (313 miles) in diameter, the bright and ice-covered Enceladus should be too small and too far from the Sun to be active. Instead, this little moon is one of the most geologically dynamic objects in the Solar System.
A new study has modeled how this activity could be taking place, and what mechanism might power the geysers spewing from ‘tiger stripe’ fissures. While previous studies have indicated some type of unknown internal heat source on Enceladus, the new study infers no heat source would be necessary.
Max Rudolph, from the University of California, Davis and colleagues say that cracks in the ice shell caused by changes in Enceladus’ orbit around Saturn would allow water from the subsurface ocean to leak out. And instead of active cryovolcanism, the researchers propose the water spontaneously boils when it hits the vacuum of space...
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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ON ICY MOON ENCELADUS, EXPANSION CRACKS LET INNER OCEAN BOIL OUT (news.aug.org)
https://news.agu.org/press-release/on-icy-moon-enceladus-expansion-cracks-let-inner-ocean-boil-out/
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Posted on March 19, 2022
MCToon interviews Kelly Weill about her new book, "Off the Edge: Flat Earthers, Conspiracy Culture, and Why People Will Believe Anything"
Kelly Weill joins to discuss her recent book "Off The Edge..."
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pw-1KHpz3_I
Kelly is a reporter at The Daily Beast and author of "Off The Edge: Flat Earthers, Conspiracy Culture, and Why People Will Believe Anything." https://www.amazon.com/Off-Edge-Earth...
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C-SPAN interview with Kelly Weill
https://www.c-span.org/video/?517755-1/after-words-kelly-weill
After Words
Kelly Weill
Daily Beast journalist Kelly Weill reported on the rise of the Flat Earth movement and other conspiracy theories disseminated through online platforms. She was interviewed by Reason Magazine books editor and author Jesse Walker.
(Please watch the interview at the URL posted above)
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Posted on March 16, 2022
New image from James Webb Space Telescope, another milestone achieved (earthsky.org)
https://earthsky.org/space/new-image-from-webb-march-16-2022/
New image from Webb
NASA announced on March 16, 2022, that they’ve achieved a critical milestone with the Webb telescope. Notably, they’ve completed the mirror alignment steps and are happy to report that:
… Webb’s optical performance will be able to meet or exceed the science goals the observatory was built to achieve.
With this in mind, they celebrated by releasing a photo today that shows a star with bright diffraction spikes and numerous background galaxies. Conversely, Webb still won’t be ready for science operations for some months. However, the scientists are thrilled with its performance so far and excited for what they’ll soon discover.
Another milestone achieved
Now, the Webb telescope has also completed the fine phasing stage of alignment. More specifically, this means the team has now fully aligned Webb’s primary imager, the Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCAM), to its mirrors.
Ritva Keski-Kuha of NASA Goddard said:
We have fully aligned and focused the telescope on a star, and the performance is beating specifications. We are excited about what this means for science.
Now, the team still needs to align other instruments on the telescope, and they expect to complete all optical alignments by early May. Next, they will work on science instrument preparations. Full-resolution imagery should come this summer...
(Please read the entire article at the URL posted above)
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More info here on the JWST from the launch until today
James Webb telescope has left Earth today on an enterprising mission.
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May 5, 2022
An Astrophysicist's TOP targets fpr JWST (Dr. Becky)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJgdTf0l_OE
All successful JWST proposals for the first year of operation are available to view
here: https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/science-ex...
JWST observing proposal for TRAPPIST-1 - https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/phase2-pub...
JWST observing proposal for Earendel - https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/phase2-pub...
JWST observing proposal for COSMOS-Webb - https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/phase2-pub...
JWST observing proposal for the galactic centre - https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/phase2-pub...
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Posted on March 15, 2022
Why do flat-Earthers think the earth is flat?
https://www.quora.com/qemail/tc?al_imp=eyJ0eXBlIjogMzMsICJoYXNoIjogIjEzNjMzOTM5NjI1NzQ3MjcyODZ8MXwxfDIxMjY1NTIzMiJ9&al_pri=1&aoid=8M3brv5D86x&aoty=2&aty=4&cp=1&et=2&id=a1c0687d459644e19962d32c8eff1be5&q_aid=b3v66Gr8EZF&uid=3un4x2qyM1H
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First, it’s not a theory. ‘Theory’ can be defined, in part, as follows: “A theory, in contrast [to a hypothesis], is a principle that has been formed as an attempt to explain things that have already been substantiated by data. It is used in the names of a number of principles accepted in the scientific community, such as the Big Bang Theory. Because of the rigors of experimentation and control, it is understood to be more likely to be true than a hypothesis is.” [Definition of THEORY, Mirriam-Webster] In addition, a theory must be testable in such a way that it is possible to disprove the theory.
What does exist is what we can term Flat-Earth Doctrine (FED). It’s a doctrine that must be believed, and is not able to be disproved (from the viewpoint of the believers), because there is always a way to twist things around to maintain the core beliefs.
The reality is that precious little of FED cannot be shown to be false, faked, mistaken, misleading, wrong or just BS. Reality is so far away from FED that only a believer blind to the real world could ignore the facts in common view.
The current bout of FED was developed in the late 1840s as a confidence trick to get gullible working-class people into Samuel Rowbotham’s patent medicine sales pitches. It puttered along until the end of the 20th century, when it largely fizzled out. It remained in a few places among Biblical literalists (Rowbotham built in religious hooks to help make another emotional connection to his original audience), but was right out on the fringe.
FED was weaponized and released in mid-2014, with a strong social media presence to push it. The ability of a number of people to develop a lot of FED content in ways that provided a regular income allowed the delivery of this weaponized material to be passed off to these on-line ‘pushers.’ It also allows attention to be shifted from the originators of the weaponized material to the current pushers.
As the purpose of the material is to undermine confidence in science, mathematics and engineering to help solve problems and develop economies, with the US being the primary target, it’s succeeding fairly well in a rather gullible population with a poor level of education in science and mathematics. Note that the purpose isn’t to collect ‘true believers,’ it’s to have one more line of attack over the long term to burrow away and undermine the public’s confidence. It was develop to work in parallel with similar efforts supporting creationism, climate change denial, anti-vaxx, state separatist movements, and the like.
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Posted on March 12, 2022
Question: If we landed on the Moon in 1969, why can’t we do the same exactly 50 years later? Are the reasons purely financial?
https://www.quora.com/If-we-landed-on-the-Moon-in-1969-why-can-t-we-do-the-same-exactly-50-years-later-Are-the-reasons-purely-financial
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We landed on the moon 6 times between 1969 and 1972.
Then we stopped making the spacecraft and rocket that we used to go to the moon, and shifted spending to a spacecraft and rocket that could only be used in low Earth orbit. We used that craft (to launch the Space Shuttle) for 3 decades. During that entire period, no nation had a rocket or spacecraft capable of taking people to the moon, although Russia, the US, ESA, China, and Israel have all sent robotic craft to land or orbit the moon.
Think of it this way - Antarctica was first discovered in 1820. The first men to reach the Geographic South Pole reached it 91 years later - the Amundsen expedition in 1911. The second visit to the South Pole - Scott’s expedition - reached the pole 5 weeks after the first.
No one reached the South Pole for 45 years after the Scott expedition.
It doesn’t mean the Amundsen expedition didn’t happen. It’s just difficult to reach, takes significant resources to get humans there safely, and there was little political will to have people there prior to 1956.
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Posted on March 9, 2022
Starlink now has over 2,000 operational satellites
Group 4-10 brings Starlink to over 2,000 operational satellites
Excerpt:
SpaceX launched 48 Starlink internet communication satellites to low Earth orbit Wednesday morning from Space Launch Complex 40 at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. Liftoff occurred at 8:45 AM EST (13:45 UTC) on March 9, with the Starlink Group 4-10 mission marking SpaceX’s 10th launch of 2022 – averaging one launch every 6.8 days.
The 45th Weather Squadron, in its launch mission execution forecast for Starlink Group 4-10, predicted an 80% chance of favorable weather for launch. The probability of favorable launch weather stayed at 80% in the backup window just under 24 hours later, but the launch occurred on time on Wednesday.
Following the launch, the Falcon 9 first stage landed 635 km downrange on SpaceX’s autonomous spaceport drone ship (ASDS) A Shortfall of Gravitas. The ASDS was tugged downrange by SpaceX’s multi-purpose recovery ship Doug, which is also serving as ASDS support. Once Doug towed ASOG to the landing zone, it traveled another ~7 km downrange to recover the fairings...
(Please read the article posted in the URL above)
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Posted on March 9, 2022
Endurance: Shackleton's lost ship is found in Antarctic (BBC)
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60662541
Scientists have found and filmed one of the greatest ever undiscovered shipwrecks 107 years after it sank.
The Endurance, the lost vessel of Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, was found at the weekend at the bottom of the Weddell Sea.
The ship was crushed by sea-ice and sank in 1915, forcing Shackleton and his men to make an astonishing escape on foot and in small boats.
Video of the remains show Endurance to be in remarkable condition.
Even though it has been sitting in 3km (10,000ft) of water for over a century, it looks just like it did on the November day it went down.
Its timbers, although disrupted, are still very much together, and the name - Endurance - is clearly visible on the stern.
"Without any exaggeration this is the finest wooden shipwreck I have ever seen - by far," said marine archaeologist Mensun Bound, who is on the discovery expedition and has now fulfilled a dream ambition in his near 50-year career.
"It is upright, well proud of the seabed, intact, and in a brilliant state of preservation," he told BBC News...
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on March 7, 2022
MCToon - Top Left Nominatons 2022
https://mctoon.net/topleft2022/
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Read the explanation and rules here: https://mctoon.net/top-left/
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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The original (Dunning - Kruger Effect) science paper...
https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-3514.77.6.1121
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
MCToon’s Top Left Contenders for 2022:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhXN9xximc-JeinjEVDzI-B4RES2dovi-
Top Left - Austin Witsitt
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation artice - Austin Witsitt
Top Left - CC
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - C C (Chris)
Top Left - Bev
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Bev
Top Left - Brian's Logic
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Brian's Logic
Top Left - Davey Duarte
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Davey Duarte
Top Left - Expat Taffy
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Expat Taffy
Top Left - Gary Wybenga
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Gary Wybenga
Top Left - Jason
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Jason
Top Left - Ken Wheeler
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Ken Wheeler
Top Left - Santos Bonacci
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Santos Bonacci
Top Left - Kevin Johnston
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Kevin Johnston
Top Left - Mallory
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Mallory
Top Left - Nathan Oakley
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Nathan Oakley
Top Left - FTFE
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - FTFE (Fight the Flat Earth)
Top Left - QE aka John Stuinja
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Quantum Eraser
Top Left - JM Truth
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - JM Truth
Top Left - Del
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Del
Top Left - Mitchel from Australia
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Mitchel from Australia
Top Left - Trey Hutchinson
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Trey Hutchison
Top Left - Tony Naoum
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Tony Naoum
Top Left - Rachie 00000
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Rachie 00000
Top Left - Sleeping Warrior
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Sleeping Warrior (Anthony Riley)
Top Left - Multit0mt0m
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Multit0mt0m
Top Left - HipHopHippie
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - HipHopHippie
Top Left - Flatzoid
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Flatzoid
Top Left - Gman
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article -
Top Left - Dot.Connector.Podcast
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article -
Top Left - Pucket Word
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Phuket Word
Top Left - Glen Cerio
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article -
Top Left - Kyle Adams
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Kyle Adams
Top Left - Planarwalk
Planarwalk YouTube Channel
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FTFE’s Top Left Contenders for 2022:
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLG6-rRsH3vpSgq-InFiiQp4Qhq5bNtIwK
Additional candidates:
Top Left - Waters Always Level (Davey Duarte)
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Waters Always Level (Davey Duarte)
Top Left - Jason/Bargain Basement Fred Durst
Our FlatEarthLunacy compilation article - Jason (aka "Bargain basement Fred Durst)
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Here are the nominations:
- Sleeping Warrior – 120 extra votes – voting video received
- Ranty – Team captain
- Jérôme Allard-Jacquin
- ste
- Kango 44
- Sarah Jones
- Kango 44
- DBonk
- Eira Gwen
- Ben Cruce
- Ben Bunce
- Kango 44
- Elizabeth S
- Sveinn Argrimsson
- Mr. Sensible
- JM Truth – 100 extra votes
- Rider of Dinosaurs – Team captain
- Unlocked
- Sun Express
- Zoomy
- Delcon Man1
- Zoomy superchat
- Binge Thinker
- Eira Gewn
- Glober Mom
- Charlie Welch
- Bose Nose
- That Guy That Sprinkles Titties
- Mitchel from Australia – 60 extra votes
- FTFE – Team captain
- SciManDan
- 2nd Best Bob
- Facty
- Triggered Limey
- Dick Dawson
- Lokfish Mars
- 2ndBest Bob – bribe
- Gary Wybenga – 60 extra votes – voting video received
- Tommy Grønvold – Team Captain
- Mad World
- Tommy Grønvold – bribe
- Tommy Grønvold – bribe
- Tommy Grønvold – bribe
- Prof Phil Bell
- Joe Whip
- Mad World
- Mallory – voting video received
- Dr Clive Wells – Team Captain
- Harold
- Radian
- Adam
- Skids Crasher
- Certified Unicorn Expert
- TheSunExpress
- Loki Starfish
- Brian’s Logic – 50 extra voted – voting video received
- Mr. 42 – Team Captain
- Mr. 42 – bribe
- Dora Nku
- Citizen 9
- Robert Greenlee
- Citizen 9 – bribe
- Colon
- Austin Whitsit – 10 extra votes – voting video received
- MCToon – Team captain
- Round Thinker
- The Elmings
- Water is always Level – Davey Duarte – 10 extra votes – voting video received
- DBonk – Team captain
- Andreas Endh
- WillFromTarget
- Jason aka bargain basement Fred Durst – 10 extra votes – voting video received
- Planarwalk – Team captain
- Tiny Captain
- Planarwalk – bribe
- G-Man
- Voting video by FTFE
- PhilosopherKingGaming
- Bookwyrm86
- Kevin Johnston – voting video received
- Schrodinger’s Cat
- Marvel Girl
- Bev – voting video received
- Rumpus
- Earth Is Life
- Dot.Connector.Podcast
- Voting video by MCToon
- Astronomy Live
- Certified Unicorn Experts
- Santos – 10 extra votes – voting video received
- Jeff C
- Eon Dust
- HayleSeyton616
- Del – 10 extra votes
- Voting video by FTFE
- johnny marr
- TheSunExpress
- Matt Bryce
- Nathan Oakley – voting video received
- Where’s Wally – Team Captain
- Ralait
- Sly Sparkane
- Kyle Adams – Voting video received
- Talking Ape
- existdissolve
- QE – voting video received
- Beach8
- Dave Ferguson
- FTFE – voting video received
- Rachie 00000 – Team Captain
- PJCNet
- Mike71
- Planarwalk
- Planarwalk – voting video received
- Planarwalk
- Saxon Xander
- Multit0mt0m – voting video received
- AndyB 123
- FTFE
- Expat Taffy – voting video received
- Ivy Kun – Team captain
- MCToon – totally cheating this nomination in after the fact because it’s so worthy
- Trey Hutchinson – voting video received
- TheOneSin
- Bfef
- Pooooookey Word
- Not sure on voting video
- Where’s Wally – team captain
- Sly Sparkane
- Glenn Cerio
- Not sure on voting video
- Irish Demon – Team Captain
- Zoomy and many others!
- Rachie 00000 – voting video received
- Voting video by FTFE
- Smithsoft
- Mad World
- Ken Wheeler – Voting video received
- TheSunExpress
- TheSunExpress – bribe
- HHH
- Voting video by FTFE
- Throw the Dwarf
- Eira Gwen
- CC Westchester county – voting video received
- Martin Hepworth
- Mallory
- Flatzoid
- Voting video by FTFE
- Conspiracy Catz
- Alphone
- Tony Naoum – Voting video received
- Mallory
- Tom Hammond
Nominees without a second so they are not official contenders:
- Tim Tully
- Eric Dubay
- Mike Lindel
- Marty Mad Scientist
- Very very expert Mark Steele
- OSI Agent Chris Street
- Kim Tate
- OSI Agent Raynard Wilson
- LEO
- Jeff C
- Matt Powell
- Kit McGuire
- Ross Thather
- Saxon Xander
- SOM
- B Alan K
- Bob and Jeran
- Andreas Eldh
- Lemonbird
- Pronon1990
- Woton
- S Austin
- Canadian truck drivers
- Dave rogers
- McFlatty
- Mr Unite for the Children
- Kent Hovind
- DBonk
- Pissy Dave
- DBonk
- Kevin John
- TechnoMancer Magus
- MCToon
- SunExpress
- Jose JG Gonzalez
- Jose JG Gonzalez – self nomination
- Eric Jewel
- AndTheJordSaid
- PJCNet
- DKG Custom
- Spurskimo
- Mar’s Mushrooms (Magic)
- Nathan Thompson
- LemanR
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Top Left winner announced on April 6, 2022
Top Left Presentation to Mitchell from Australia, by MCToon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ySS8xgnxgE
Mitchell invited us to come to Nathan Oakley's show to present his Top Left award. Mitchell must have forgotten to inform Nathan.
Later, when asked if he invited us on to present the award, Mitchell lied.
Email chain showing that @mitchell fromAustralia directly lied to @NathanOakley1980: https://mctoon.net/mitchell-from-aust...
Notice that Mitchell also brought up DIRTH's fake challenge before I said anything about the Flat Earth Sextant Challenge. Mitchell is a serial liar.
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Posted on March 7, 2022
Question: Why in all the pics of the Moon landing, only a few hundred meters of land is visible (say the lunar module being at the centre) and beyond that it is pitch dark even in sunlight?
(https://www.quora.com/Why-in-all-the-pics-of-the-Moon-landing-only-a-few-hundred-meters-of-land-is-visible-say-the-lunar-module-being-at-the-centre-and-beyond-that-it-is-pitch-dark-even-in-sunlight)
Why are you comparing photos taken on the Moon with photos taken on Earth? Earth is much larger, and the horizon is farther away. But on the Moon the horizon is closer, the landscape disappears over the nearer horizon.
If all the objects are in sunlight, they will all be well lighted for the photo, but as you notice in the foot steps, there are dark shadows anywhere there is not light.
It all depends on the position of the camera and the position of the Sun.
Actually the distance you can see on Earth and Mars is less than you'd think if you are just at ground level as the astronauts were on the Moon. Even on the beach, normally you look at it from several meters up - and can see ships which are partly below the horizon. And on the Moon, a little further than you might think - is nothing in the picture to really give scale.
The formula is
where d is distance to horizon from your eyes, h is your height, R is the planet or moon's diameter.
Derivation here: Distance to the Horizon
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Distance to the horizon
(https://aty.sdsu.edu/explain/atmos_refr/horizon.html)
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Posted on March 6, 2022
The United States Ohio Common Pleas Court does not accept claims, allegations or statements of denial as proof of anything in court. That is considered "no genuine issue of material fact."
So to, brush aside flat Earth claims since not a single one is true. They are presented by religious zealots who have their own agenda, trolls who just like to argue taking advantage of the conspiracy to make money, and people who are ignorant of geology, astronomy, physics, and other sciences.
Rule 56(E) of the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure states in relevant part:
[A]n adverse party may not rest upon the mere allegations or denials of the party's pleadings, but the party's response, by affidavit or as otherwise provided in this rule, must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trail.
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Posted on March 5, 2022
The IAF Digital Library - Space Knowledge Within Everybody's Reach (spaceref.com)
http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=55753
In 2020, the International Astronautical Federation(IAF) released the world’s premier digital library on space, featuring over 52000 full-text articles from all space disciplines. The IAF’s digital heritage covers more than 70 years of knowledge sharing and research collaboration, and aspires to strengthen the links between industry, research and academia, and those who work in the front line in the field.
The IAF Digital Library is the one and only source worldwide of papers accessible to everyone who is passionate about space including researchers, scientists, engineers, academicians, industrials, policy-makers, media, the young generation and the general public.
The IAF Digital Library aims to be a destination where knowledge goes beyond the space and digital divide, extending the boundaries of the past, envisioning the future and establishing itself as an infinite source of information, innovation, and inspiration for the benefit of humanity.
Visit the IAF Digital Library: http://dl.iafastro.directory/
International Astronautical Congress 2022: https://www.iafastro.org/events/iac/iac-2022/
Virtual Technical Gallery: https://dl.iafastro.directory/gallery/talk/IAC-2021/
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Posted on March 4, 2022
The "Black Swan" has been a favorite misinterpretation of the globe by flat Earther's for years. Bob the Science Guy helps to set the record straight once and for all.
Final Analysis of the Black Swan Still a GLOBE, by Bob the Science Guy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6jFUBBMYi4
The flat Earth loves to have very low to the water observations over relatively short distances and then go out and claim it doesn't show any curvature of the Earth. So I decided to introduce the white board and develop a technique to actually measure the refracted radius of the Earth from these very low observation points. Now I not only did this so I could better evaluate flat earth videos. I wanted some measurable evaluation of the refraction present...
...and that geometric horizon (1.22 miles) says that if you are one foot off the ground, you horizon is 1.22 miles away. Now what the claim is is that if you are observing from one foot above the ground, your horizon can be no more than 1.22 miles away. THAT'S WRONG. That's a complete misunderstanding of what refraction does to your horizon, and what a geometric verses a refractive horizon is...
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Posted on March 1, 2022
FlatEarthLunacy 800+ post URL links. All topics kept up to date.
FlatEarthLunacy 800+ post URL links. All topics kept up to date.
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Posted on March 1, 2022
Ukraine to use SpaceX's Starlink satellites to maintain internet connectivity during the war.
So contrary to what flat Earther's swear, SATELLITES DO EXIST IN SPACE.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/1/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-list-of-key-events-from-day-6
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Elon Musk's Starlink satellites are helping Ukraine's elite drone unit destroy Russian tanks and trucks in the night: report
https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-starlink-ukraine-drone-unit-russia-tanks-war-2022-3
Excerpt:
Elon Musk's Starlink satellite system is helping an elite Ukrainian drone unit destroy Russian weaponry, according to The Times of London.
The Aerorozvidka specialist air reconnaissance unit operates drones modified with thermal cameras to see Russian military vehicles like tanks and command trucks at night, The Times of London reported on Friday. The drones have been modified to drop anti-tank grenades on targets, per the newspaper.
"If we use a drone with thermal vision at night, the drone must connect through Starlink to the artillery guy and create target acquisition," an Aerorozvidka leader told The Times of London.
The Starlink internet system ensures drone teams can work even if there are internet or power outages — which are rife in war-torn Ukraine.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on March 1, 2022
3.7 degree horizon drop observed and measured from 47,000 foot elevation jet.
Sunrise at that altitude observed before sunrise on the Earth's surface. This only possible on a globe Earth.
Shattering the hopes and dreams of flat Eathers from 47,000 feet, by Wolfie6020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1EGvRuUe8rU
(Please watch the video at the URL posted above)
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Posted on February 25, 2022
The Flat Earth group that never went to Antarctica (Forbes.com)
Antarctica is the Ultimate Family Vacation for Bonding, Adventure and Bragging Rights (wsj.com)
The mantra that Antarctica is off limits and surrounds a flat Earth, is hereby disproved by thousands of people every year.
Flat Earth Supporters Now Plan An Antarctica Expedition To The Edge Of The World (March 2019)
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimdobson/2019/03/16/flat-earth-supporters-now-plan-an-antarctica-expedition-to-the-edge-of-the-world/?sh=458163de5916
Robbie Davidson (who is not affiliated with the Flat Earth Society) is also organizing an enormous cruise in 2020 for flat-earthers to convene and discuss theories while continuing his popular yearly conventions around the country. His take on Antarctica is fueled by what he calls real exact science. "When we look at Antarctica if you take a globe and you squish it down, the Antarctic would go all the way around the Earth. It's kind of like an ice shore and it's very, very large. It's not like you just go there, and you can just peek over it. We don't believe anything can fall off the edge, because a big portion of the flat earth community believes that we're in a dome, like a snow globe. So the sun, moon, and stars are all inside. It's very high but all contained inside. So there's no way to actually fall off of the earth."
(Please read the entire article posted at the URL above).
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Antarctica is the Ultimate Family Vacation for Bonding, Adventure and Bragging Rights (wsj.com)
https://www.wsj.com/articles/antarctica-vacation-ultimate-family-trip-11645807325?mod=hp_listc_pos1
Most Antarctica trips take place during the region's summer, when it's light out almost 24 hours a day...
Orange Parka Optional
A fashion editor smartens up the South Pole dress code
Before any good Antarctic expedition, you’ll receive a recommended packing list. Some companies even offer items like waterproof pants and gloves for rent onboard. But, being a fashion editor, I tend to gravitate toward clothes with a little something extra. While the standard-issue suggestions are all fine and functional—which should be your top concern—they’re not exactly chic. So I made a few adjustments: I opted for my favorite cat-eye sunglasses over ski goggles; shapely waterproof salopettes instead of unflattering nylon pants; and a mohawk-topped hat in lieu of a standard beanie. One thing I don’t advise tweaking? The boots. Your ship should have pairs to borrow or rent, which will be cleaned with biocide daily to kill living organisms so you don’t trek anything foreign onto shore during your various landings. Plus, they need to be warm and waterproof, so don’t try anything fancy. To make the rest of your look “fashion,” consult our picks below.
(All rights belong to the Wall Street Journal. Please read the entire article at the URL above)
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Posted on February 23, 2022
Our home page SEARCH function has been fixed. Here at FlatEarthLunacy we have articles about your favorite flat Earther's for you to read. No doxing, just publicly debunk/reporting information they themselves have made available. Just use the SEARCH bar to find them.
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Posted on February 21, 2022
Flat Earth: the Hunga Tonga volcano proves Earth is a Globe, by Olivier Joseph
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOS_XBrtCc8
On January 15, 2022, the Hunga Tonga volcano exploded. And the consequences of this explosion provide irrefutable proof that the Earth is a globe.
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(Please watch the video posted at the URL above and subscribe to Olivier Joseph's channel)
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Posted on February 19, 2022
The distance to the JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) measured from the ground using PARALLAX (Florida to New Mexico) with an 11-inch, and 9.8-inch telescope respectively.
Measuring the distance to the James Webb Space Telescope!, by Astronomy Live
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbqOg1D1KE8
Music: Grand Orrery by Stellardrone Filmed with an 11" Celestron Nexstar and SBIG ST-2000XCM as well as T5 on the iTelescope.net network.
For the time lapse segments, the raw FITS files were automatically processed and JWST was automatically labeled by querying the JPL Horizons API for the predicted coordinates given the observatory location and time stamp.
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Same article here:
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Posted on February 17, 2022
Most precise atomic clock shows Einstein's general relativity is right.
How would gravity work if the Earth were flat? How do flat Earthers explain gravity?
Most precise atomic clock shows Einstein's general relativity is right. (newscientist.com)
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2308688-most-precise-atomic-clock-shows-einsteins-general-relativity-is-right/#ixzz7LBvJrs3N
Excerpt:
Physicists have measured time dilation on the smallest scale ever using an atomic clock made of thousands of ultracold atoms formed into a stack of pancake-shaped blobs
The world’s most precise atomic clock has confirmed that the time dilation predicted by Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity works on the scale of millimetres.
Physicists have been unable to unite quantum mechanics – a theory that describes matter at the smallest scales – with general relativity, which predicts the behaviour of objects at the largest cosmic scales, including how gravity bends space-time. Because gravity is weak over small distances, it is hard to measure relativity on small scales.
But atomic clocks, which count seconds by measuring the frequency of radiation emitted when electrons around an atom change energy states, can detect these minute gravitational effects...
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How do Flat Earthers explain gravity (quora.com)?
Joe O Sullivan, Degree in Astrophysics from UCC...
"They never had any problems with gravity until people started using it to debunk the flatearth. Then of course it had to go!
If anything debunks the flatearth, then has to go.
They never had any problems with masses attracting masses, and objects being attracted to the Earth because of gravity, they could just say “that’s how mass works”. And I’m sure they’d still be just fine with gravity if people hadn’t started saying that a disk shaped planet would crush back down into a globe, due to gravity.
As soon as they were confronted with this idea, then gravity had to go.
Same story with the Moon. Once flatearthers realised that people could use the Moon to debunk the flat Earth, eg, by using eclipses, it also had to go to. Of course different flatearthers dismiss the Moon in different ways; some say it’s a hologram, others say it’s smaller and closer, some say it’s a big disk made to fool us, while others say it’s “part of the dome”. They really don’t have any actual reason to dismiss the Moon, except that it debunks the flat Earth.
I’m sure that most of the flatearthers do believe in gravity, it’s just that they have to dismiss it when arguing with a normal person, so as to not lose the argument. If they lose the argument, then they’re just some mad loony who thought the Earth was flat!
Flatearthers will say anything to avoid losing an argument. I once had a flatearther who claimed that the flatearther website was fake, created by the government to discredit flatearthers, I think he only started saying this because I pointed out some inconsistency with it that he couldn’t rebuke. He even went so far as to say that the flat Earth president was also a paid shill, in on the conspiracy too!
It’s also one of the reasons they’re always using whataboutism. They use it to avoid having to confront the fact that you just debunked something they said. Again, to avoiding losing the argument.
If you could prove that the Earth can’t be flat because cats would have pushed everything off the edge by now, then they’d say that cats are fake. Or maybe they’d say that the cats are in on it too.
The response to the fact that NASA have Photos? NASA are in on it, and the photos are fake.
Satellite TV? The media are in on it.
Google Earth. Yep, you guessed it, Google are also in on it.
You can see the curvature of the Earth from a plane? Airline companies are in on it, they create curved windows on the plane to fool you.
Space tourism? Fake windows.
When the first flatearther goes into space, and goes on a spacewalk? I’m sure they’ll say brainwashing, or else fake visor on the space suit.
Again, they’ll say anything to avoiding losing the argument."
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How would gravity work if the Earth were flat (quora.com)?
Avi Sternfeld, M.S. Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (1971)
"It could be rather strange.
If you look at a spherical earth, the force of gravity anywhere on the surface is directed towards the sphere’s center (= its center of mass), and is perpendicular to the surface (down).
Now, suppose we take this sphere and squash it until it becomes a circular flat pancake. It’s center of mass location will coincide with the pancake’s axis. The vector of gravity at any point on the pancake’s flat surface will be directed towards this center, and will therefore slant relative to the surface (except at the axis).
I cannot imagine what is needed to build any structure on this surface, or even travel on it."
(Please read the articles posted at the URL's above)
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Posted on February 15, 2022
IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) Space Observatory Collects Its First Imaging Data (sci-news.com)
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/ixpe-cassiopeia-a-10552.html
The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), an international collaboration between NASA and the Italian Space Agency (ASI), has captured an image of Cassiopeia A, the youngest known supernova remnant in our Milky Way Galaxy.
IXPE is NASA’s first mission dedicated to measuring the polarization of X-rays from the most extreme and mysterious objects in the Universe: supernova remnants, supermassive black holes, and dozens of other high-energy objects.
The observatory launched December 9, 2021 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
It now orbits 600 km (370 miles) above Earth’s equator and all its instruments are functioning well.
IXPE builds on and complements the scientific discoveries of other telescopes, including NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory.
It carries three state-of-the-art space telescopes with special sensitive detectors.
A key measurement that astrophysicists will make with the observatory is called polarization, a way of looking at how X-ray light is oriented as it travels through space. The polarization of light contains clues to the environment where the light originated.
IXPE’s instruments will also measure the energy, the time of arrival, and the position in the sky of the X-rays from cosmic sources.
“IXPE represents another extraordinary first,” said Dr. Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters.
“Together with our partners in Italy and around the world, we’ve added a new space observatory to our fleet that will shape our understanding of the Universe for years to come.”
(Please read the article posted in the URL above)
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Posted on February 14, 2022
Astronomers Find First-Ever Quadruple Asteroid (sci-news.com)
http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/quadruple-asteroid-elektra-10548.html
From George Farange on Quora:
How do flat Earth proponents explain meteors and asteroids?
What’s to explain?
Take a pizza crust and throw pepperoni and grated cheese at it.
Like that.
Article Excerpt:
Astronomers have discovered a third moon orbiting the main-belt asteroid (130) Elektra, making it the first quadruple asteroid ever found.
First discovered on February 17, 1873 by Litchfield Observatory astronomer Christian Peters, (130) Elektra is a large main-belt asteroid.
It has an effective diameter of 199 km (124 miles) and an estimated mass of 7*1018 kg.
Its first moon was discovered in 2003 by a team of astronomers led by Dr. William Merline using the Keck II telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatory.
Designated as S/2003 (130) 1 or S1, it has a diameter of 6 km (3.7 miles) and orbits 1,300 km (810 miles) from the parent asteroid with a period of 5.3 days.
Elektra’s second moon, S/2014 (130) 1 or S2, was discovered on December 6, 2014 by a research team led by Dr. Bin Yang using the SPHERE facility on ESO’s Very Large Telescope.
It has a diameter of about 2 km (1.2 miles) and orbits Elektra once every 1.2 days at a distance of 500 km (310 miles).
“We discovered a new satellite, S/2014 (130) 2 or S3, orbiting Elektra, making it the third satellite in this system,” said Dr. Anthony Berdeu from the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand and Chulalongkorn University and his colleagues.
Using a new data reduction technique and a dedicated algorithm, the authors analyzed archival 2014 data from the SPHERE/IFS instrument and modeled the asteroid’s halo.
“Angularly speaking, the two already known moons around Elektra revolve very closely to the asteroid and S2 is nearly buried in its halo,” they explained.
“The detection of an even fainter and closer moon implies a careful estimate and removal of this halo.”
They found that the S3 moon has an orbital period of 0.679 days and an diameter of 1.6 km (one mile).
“It revolves inside the orbit of S2 with a semi-major axis of 344 km (214 miles) and an orbital period of 0.679 days around the primary,” the astronomers said.
“A lot of uncertainties remain concerning the orbit of S3,” they added.
“More data on S2 and S3, as well as a more thorough dynamical study are necessary to solve the problem of the motion of the satellites of Elektra.”
“However, the discovery of the first quadruple asteroid system slightly opens the way for understanding the mechanisms of the formation of these satellites.”
The team’s paper was published on February 8, 2022 in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
(Please read the full article at the URL posted above)
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Posted on February 10, 2022
The Solar Dynamics Observatory
Three Months of SUN | 4k (Sean Doran)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1D068UNBcp4
by Seán Doran©
Solar Om soundtrack by Spike Snell / https://www.youtube.com/crysknife007
Source data courtesy NASA / SDO / AIA / EVE / HMI
This film collates 227,395 frames of ångström-171 data from Solar Dynamics Observatory, representing the full data cadence from the months April, May & June of 2014. These frames amount to 1 hour of footage at 60 frames per second. The opposite limb of the Sun is shown in the second half of the film.
Hundreds of edits were made to provide a smooth presentation. All frames were repaired, graded & rescaled to create 2 hours of footage.
'This specially formulated ambient sleep sound was created with actual emissions produced by the Sun converted into sound waves. A subwoofer or headphones is likely required to hear this sound.'
All rights reserved / Redistribution prohibited without license.
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SDO | Solar Dynamics Observatory
https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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Posted on February 9, 2022
Geomagnetic storm causes 40 SpaceX just launched satellites to not reach orbit.
Geomagnetic storms:
These storms cause the atmosphere to warm, and atmospheric density at our low satellite deployment altitudes to increase.
SpaceX loses 40 satellites to geomagnetic storm a day after launch (bbc.com)
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-60317806
Excerpt:
SpaceX has lost dozens of satellites after they were hit by a geomagnetic storm a day after launch, causing them to fall from orbit and burn up.
Such solar "storms" are caused by powerful explosions on the sun's surface, which spit out plasma and magnetic fields that can hit the Earth.
The company, owned by billionaire Elon Musk, said up to 40 of 49 satellites from last week's launch were hit. They had been due to join its Starlink satellite internet project. Starlink is Mr Musk's bid to provide high-speed internet using thousands of orbiting satellites.
The system is relatively expensive, but can be used in places where wired connections cannot. For example, in Tonga, where January's earthquake severed the island's nation's undersea data cable, a Starlink station is being built in nearby Fiji to help restore access.
The latest 49 satellites were deployed about 210km (130 miles) above the Earth's surface. SpaceX said "each satellite achieved controlled flight" after being sent up on 3 February.
However, a day later, the geomagnetic storm hit the Earth. It is the same kind of mechanism that creates aurorae like the Northern Lights, but it can have dangerous effects too.
This storm warmed up the atmosphere and made it much more dense than expected.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Space: Stormy Weather in LEO (strategypage.com)
https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htspace/articles/20220217.aspx
SpaceX recently put 49 of its 227 kg (500 pound) Starlink satellites into orbit and lost 40 of them because of an unexpected geomagnetic storm caused by a burst of energy from the sun. Normally these energy bursts are no problem for satellites, but the smaller Starlink satellites were caught at a vulnerable moment. Starlink satellites are not taken directly to their 540-kilometer high LEO (low earth orbit) by the SpaceX SLV (satellite launch vehicle), but to a lower orbit of about 200 kilometers. This enables the SLV to carry more satellites which reach their ultimate orbital height by using their low power electric thrusters that use small quantities of krypton gas to adjust the orientation of the satellite. If any of the satellites are defective, as if their thrusters don’t work, they will self-destruct by falling into the earth’s atmosphere and burning up. Normally the Starlink thrusters successfully get each satellite to its higher orbit and are later used to aim the satellite towards a lower orbit when that satellite breaks down or is no longer needed. Without the thrusters it would take a dead satellite a lot longer to drift lower and ultimately take the final plunge into the thicker atmosphere where it is vaporized...
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Solar storms can destroy satellites with ease: A space weather expert explains the science (phys.org)
https://phys.org/news/2022-03-solar-storms-satellites-ease-space.html
Dangers to what's in orbit
There a few different ways geomagnetic storms threaten orbiting satellites that serve people on the ground daily.
When the atmosphere absorbs energy from magnetic storms, it heats up and expands upward. This expansion significantly increases the density of the thermosphere, the layer of the atmosphere that extends from about 50 miles (80 kilometers) to roughly 600 miles (1,000 km) above the surface of the Earth. Higher density means more drag, which can be a problem for satellites.
This situation is exactly what led to the demise of the the SpaceX Starlink satellites in February. Starlink satellites are dropped off by Falcon 9 rockets into a low-altitude orbit, typically somewhere between 60 and 120 miles (100 and 200 km) above the Earth's surface. The satellites then use onboard engines to slowly overcome the force of drag and raise themselves to their final altitude of approximately 350 miles (550 km).
The latest batch of Starlink satellites encountered a geomagnetic storm while still in very low-Earth orbit. Their engines could not overcome the significantly increased drag, and the satellites began slowly falling toward Earth and eventually burned up in the atmosphere.
Drag is just one hazard that space weather poses to space-based assets. The significant increase in high-energy electrons within the magnetosphere during strong geomagnetic storms means more electrons will penetrate the shielding on a spacecraft and accumulate within its electronics. This buildup of electrons can discharge in what is basically a small lightning strike and damage electronics.
Penetrating radiation or charged particles in the magnetosphere—even during mild geomagnetic storms—can also alter the output signal from electronic devices. This phenomenon can cause errors in any part of a spacecraft's electronics system, and if the error occurs in something critical, the entire satellite can fail. Small errors are common and usually fixable, but total failures, though rare, do happen.
Finally, geomagnetic storms can disrupt the ability of satellites to communicate with Earth using radio waves. Many communications technologies, like GPS, for example, rely on radio waves. The atmosphere always distorts radio waves by some amount , so engineers correct for this distortion when building communication systems. But during geomagnetic storms, changes in the ionosphere—the charged equivalent of the thermosphere that spans roughly the same altitude range—will change how radio waves travel through it. The calibrations in place for a quiet atmosphere become wrong during geomagnetic storms.
This, for example, makes it difficult to lock onto GPS signals and can throw off the positioning by a few meters. For many industries—aviation, maritime, robotics, transportation, farming, military and others—GPS positioning errors of a few meters are simply not tenable. Autonomous driving systems will require accurate positioning as well.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on February 8, 2022
Who owns all the satellites (company/country) overhead?
Who owns all the satellites? (earthsky.org)
https://earthsky.org/space/who-owns-satellites-company-country/
Excerpt:
Thousands of satellites orbit in the sky above your head. You use them every day in a myriad of ways, from the internet that allows you to read this, to the weather report that tells you how to dress today, to the GPS in your car that guides you across town. More than 4,500 satellites currently orbit Earth, with more being launched all the time. Astronomers are worried about what all these satellites will mean for their ability to study the night sky. And the satellites and debris from collisions pose a hazard to astronauts in space. But who is responsible? Who owns these thousands of satellites?
A research team from DEWESoft has created a graphic to help the public get a better grasp on who is responsible for the thousands of satellites in space. The team analyzed data collected by the Union of Concerned Scientists Satellite Database, the geographic information supplier ESRI and the Space Foundation. With this data, they created a list of the 50 owners of the most satellites orbiting Earth.
Approximately 50% of the satellites in space are communications satellites. DEWESoft’s graphic was accurate as of January 2022, but in the meantime, satellites continue to pile up. In early February, Space X launched an additional 49 Starlink satellites.
Molly Underwood, who participated in the DEWESoft project, told EarthSky that their project:
… visualizes who owns all of the satellites orbiting Earth. We thought it was particularly interesting how quickly SpaceX has grown since Starlink.
Number of satellites by company and country
As you can see from the graphic, SpaceX is the big winner, with 1,655 satellites and growing. In fact, it won’t be long before SpaceX owns more satellites than every other company and country combined. NASA is not even in the top 10 on the list. The graphic also allows you to see the types of satellites that orbit Earth, from communications to science to GPS to observational.
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SpaceX is growing
SpaceX currently owns 1/3 of the satellites in orbit around Earth. With a plan to send about 1,000 Starlink satellites into space every year, they will continue their domination. They plan to eventually have 12,000 Starlink satellites, with the stated goal of delivering internet to people everywhere on the globe.
SpaceX, founded by Elon Musk, is an American company. The United States has the most satellites orbiting Earth, with approximately 2,804. That includes satellites that are governmental and those from entities that operate in the U.S. DEWESoft said:
We found that 75 different countries have at least one satellite orbiting Earth.
(Please read the article listed in the URL above)
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Posted on February 5, 2022
Why do flat-eathers have such a hard time believing the International Space Station (ISS) is real when they can literally buy a telescope and see fo themselves?
https://www.quora.com/Why-do-flat-earthers-have-such-a-hard-time-believing-the-ISS-is-real-when-they-can-literally-buy-a-telescope-and-see-for-themselves
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Posted on February 4, 2022
Space: Cheap Orbital Launch Services (strategypage.com)
https://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htspace/articles/20220130.aspx
In January another commercial firm, Virgin Orbit, used its 30-ton LauncherOne orbital launch rocket to put seven small satellites into orbit for several customers, including the U.S. Department of Defense and NASA. This was the fourth of five tests of LauncherOne delivering small satellites for customers. The first use in 2020 failed but the three in 2021 and the recent one was a success. LauncherOne is carried by a modified B-747 airliner to an altitude of 11 kilometers (35.000 feet) and then released. LauncherOne can put a 500 kg (1,100 pound) payload into a 230-kilometer LEO (Low Earth Orbit) or a 300 kg (660 pound) payload into a 500-kilometer SSO (Sun-synchronous orbit). Each LauncherOne mission costs about $12 million, which includes the use of the transport aircraft. It cost less than a billion dollars to develop LauncherOne. Work began in 2007 and fourteen years later the first successful launch occurred, after only one failure. Putting satellites into the higher SSO is useful for payloads that are meant for longer missions to asteroids or other planets, like Mars or Venus.
An even more ambitious version of LauncherOne transporter is under development by a New Zealand firm that has developed the jet powered Aurora UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) that can fly to an altitude of about 31 kilometers and then launch a rocket carrying small satellites into LEO. The MKI Aurora was built and flight tested in 2018. The larger MKII Aurora was then built and flight-tested four times in 2021. MKII can carry a larger expendable rocket-propelled satellite delivery vehicle that can put up to 100 kg (220 pounds) of satellites into LEO. The larger MKIII Aurora is being built to carry out regular flights, several times a day, delivering 250 kg (550 pounds) of small satellites into LEO at less cost than LauncherOne. While innovative and economical, Aurora and LauncherOne are not new ideas, just a better implementation of the original concept first introduced and demonstrated in the 1990s...
(Please read the article at the URL posted above).
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Virgin Orbit
https://virginorbit.com/
Virign Orbits Latest Mission Successfully Soars Above the Clouds Again.
747 Carries "Launcher One" rocket to high altitude for launch.
https://virginorbit.com/the-latest/virgin-orbits-latest-mission-successfully-soars-above-the-clouds-again/
This mission continues the team’s successful track record of delivering satellites for government and commercial customers.
MOJAVE, CALIFORNIA — JANUARY 13, 2022 — Virgin Orbit (Nasdaq: VORB), the responsive launch and space solutions company, confirmed it successfully deployed into orbit all 7 customer satellites onboard its LauncherOne rocket during today’s Above the Clouds mission.
Virgin Orbit’s 747 carrier aircraft Cosmic Girl took off from Mojave Air and Space Port this afternoon at approximately 1:39 PM PST/09:39 PM UTC and flew to a launch site over the Pacific Ocean, about 50 miles south of the Channel Islands. After a smooth release from the aircraft, the LauncherOne rocket ignited and propelled itself towards space, ultimately deploying its payload into a precise target orbit approximately 500km above the Earth’s surface at 45 degrees inclination. This is the first time that anyone has reached this orbit from the West Coast.
The launch was the company’s third successful flight, occurring less than one year from its first mission. Virgin Orbit has now successfully delivered commercial, government, international, and national security satellites to space, including new Above the Clouds customer Spire Global, Inc. (NYSE: SPIR), and first ever repeat customers: the U.S. Department of Defense Space Test Program and Polish company SatRevolution. This launch was awarded to Virgin Orbit through its subsidiary VOX Space by the DoD’s Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) as part of the DoD Space Test Program’s (STP) Rapid Agile Launch (RALI) Initiative.
The satellites launched on the company’s latest mission include experiments in space-based communications, space debris detection, and in-space navigation and propulsion, as well as satellites that will serve the global agricultural sector. The launch brings the total number of satellites launched by Virgin Orbit to 26.
Because of the unique air-launch system Virgin Orbit has developed, the Above the Clouds mission was launched in an orbit never before directly accessible from the West Coast of the Americas. Rather than launching from a fixed pad on the ground, Virgin Orbit conducts its launches from under the wing of a modified 747 aircraft, and by flying the aircraft further out over the ocean, the company was able to launch on a trajectory no ground-launch rocket could have achieved. That direct injection into the target orbit saved the satellites onboard this mission months of time and kilograms of fuel they might have otherwise spent correcting their orbit from what a landlocked launch site could provide them.
“Our customers are starting to hear back from their satellites that are checking in from orbit — and for us, that’s what success looks like. It’s a thrill for our team that this mission included our first repeat customers as well as our first ‘last minute ticket’ customers and reached an orbit that no one had ever reached from the West Coast before, all of which confirms the team’s ability to provide top tier launch service anywhere, anytime,” said Virgin Orbit CEO Dan Hart. “On top of that, we flew through weather and a cloud layer that would have grounded any other launch I’ve worked on in my career, something only made possible by air-launch and our incredible team. We can say with confidence that in this new era of regular, frequent, successful missions, we can help our customers and partners use space technology to advance human knowledge and open space for good...”
(Please read the article at the URL posted above).
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Posted on February 4, 2022
Astonishing Radio (Frequency) View of the Milky Way's Heart (skyandtelescope.org)
https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/astonishing-radio-view-of-the-milky-ways-heart/
A new radio survey reveals a complex and chaotic galactic center teeming with supernova remnants, star-forming regions, and mysterious filaments.
The South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) has released a series of captivating images: A mysterious dreamscape, painted in intricate brush strokes by the universe itself, depicts the chaotic heart of the Milky Way.
Unaffected by the large quantities of dust that obscure the central galactic region, radio waves reveal a scene of striking complexity produced by the interplaying effects of star formation, high density of cosmic rays, and the foreboding supermassive black hole known as Sagittarius A*.
“I am in awe every single time I look at the images,” says Isabella Rammala, a graduate student at Rhodes University in South Africa, who has been working on the project. “It is just amazing how many details MeerKAT could capture.”
Astronomers constructed the image using the sensitive MeerKAT radio telescope, an array of 64 antennas spread over a diameter of 8 kilometers (5 miles) in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. The telescope observed a region that covers an area 30 times that of the full Moon for 215 hours. The team described the survey and its publicly released products in a study to appear in The Astrophysical Journal (preprint available here).
RADIO FILAMENTS
One of the striking features in the image are numerous wispy tendrils known as radio filaments. Discovered in the early 1980s, the filaments can extend up to 150 light-years in length and appear highly organized: some come in pairs and others in clusters. Even though an air of mystery still surrounds the filaments, scientists do have ideas that could explain their origin.
One idea is that energetic particles, or cosmic rays, stream from our galaxy’s center, dragging with them the ambient magnetic field, compress it, and illuminate it. According to Farhad Yusef-Zadeh (Northwestern University), who discovered the radio filaments, the mechanism is not entirely understood. Still, it’s probably similar to the processes encountered in the solar wind.
“One thing that is a puzzle now is how you inject the cosmic-ray particles in the first place,” says Yusef-Zadeh. He led a study of cosmic filaments found in the MeerKAT image that will appear in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (preprint available here). His team found that the past activity of Sagittarius A* is more likely to have accelerated the particles. A competing explanation, a series of supernova explosions, is less probable.
The new image reveals nearly a thousand filaments, about 10 times more than previously discovered. “It is not just the number,” says Yusef-Zadeh. “We see a wide range of different sizes, the morphology is different, clustering is different.” For the first time, the numbers allow statistical studies of the filaments’ characteristics, hopefully leading to a better understanding of how they cluster as well as the peculiarly regular spacing between filaments within clusters.
MILKY WAY'S TREASURE TROVE
Apart from the filaments, the center of our galaxy hosts several notable radio-emitting structures. Two vast radio bubbles emanating from the galactic center, reaching above and below Milky Way’s disk, suggest that Sagittarius A* was quite active a few million years ago. In addition, the central region is home to clusters of young, massive stars like the Arches and Quintuplet, many puffy remnants of supernova explosions, and shells of ionized gas surrounding massive stars. Many of these objects were already known, but the team, which is now busily cataloging all the objects in the image, has already reported several new sources.
“There is quite a lot of compact objects there,” says Rammala. “My main interest is identifying those that may be potential pulsar candidates.” Due to the crowding of stars, dust and gas, it isn’t easy to find these spinning neutron stars in the galactic center. Yet, astronomers are eagerly searching for them. Among other applications, pulsars could explain why we observe an excess of gamma-rays in the galactic center.
The MeerKAT radio telescope is a precursor to the Square Kilometer Array, which will be the largest radio telescope in the world. South Africa and Australia will host its thousands of dishes and up to a million low-frequency antennas. Once the array is built, it will undoubtedly reexamine the lush neighborhood of the galactic center. But for now, the astronomers’ focus is the chaotic panorama of the MeerKAT image.
(Please read the article at the URL posted above)
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Media Release:
New MeerKAT radio image reveals complex heart of the Milky Way (www.sarao.ac.za)
https://www.sarao.ac.za/media-releases/new-meerkat-radio-image-reveals-complex-heart-of-the-milky-way/
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The 1.28 GHz MeerKAT Galactic Center Mosaic
Heywood I, Rammala I, Camilo F, Cotton W, Yusef-Zadeh F, Abbott T, Adam R, Adams G, Aldera M, Asad K, Bauermeister E, Bennett T, Bester H, Bode D, Brederode L, Buchner S, Burger J, Cheetham T, de Villiers M, Dikgale-Mahlakoana A, du Toit L, Esterhuyse S, Fanaroff B, February S, Fourie D, Frank B, Gamatham R, Geyer M, Goedhart S, Gouws M, Gumede S, Hlakola M, Hokwana A, Hoosen S, Horrell J, Isaacson A, Jozsa G, Jonas J, Joubert A, Julie R, Kapp F, Kenyon J, Kotze P, Kriek N, Kriel H, Krishnan V, Lehmensiek R, Liebenberg D, Lord R, Lunsky B, Madisa K, Magnus L, Mahgoub O, Makhaba O, Makhathini S, Malan J, Manley J, Marais S, Martens A, Mauch T, Merry B, Millenaar R, Mnyandu N, Mokone O, Monama T, Mphego M, New W, Ngcebetsha B, Ngoasheng K, Ockards M, Oozeer N, Otto A, Passmoor S, Patel A, Peens-Hough A, Perkins S, Ramaila A, Ramanujam N, Ramudzuli Z, Ratcliffe S, Robyntjies A, Salie S, Sambu N, Schollar C, Schwartz R, Serylak M, Siebrits R, Sirothia S, Slabber M, Smirnov O, Sofeya L, Gumede S, Taljaard B, Tasse C, Tiplady A, Toruvanda O, Twum S, van Balla T, van der Byl A, van der Merwe C, Van Tonder V, Van Wyk R, Venter A, Venter M, Wallace B, Welz M, Williams L, Xaia B (2022): The 1.28 GHz MeerKAT Galactic Center Mosaic, 1.0, South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, https://doi.org/10.48479/fyst-hj47
Initial image data release for “The 1.28 GHz MeerKAT Galactic Center Mosaic”, Heywood et al. (2022) (arXiv, in press). The mosaic has been formed from the innermost 20 pointings of the MeerKAT Galactic centre survey, totalling 144 hours of integration time. The data have been consistently processed to deliver an angular resolution of 4" over 6.5 square degrees. A lower (8") angular resolution spectral index mosaic and associated error map are also provided.
https://archive-gw-1.kat.ac.za/public/repository/10.48479/fyst-hj47/index.html
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Posted on February 2, 2022
North Korea publishes pictures of the globe Earth from space.
For flat Earthers that doubt the authenticity of THEIR photos, I urge you to buy a ticket to the North and tell Kim face to face, that his pics are fake. OK?
The good thing is that you will only need to buy a cheap one-way ticket, since you'll never be heard from again.
North Korea missile tests: Photos from space released (bbc.com)
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-60193714
North Korea has released photographs which it said were taken from its most powerful missile launch in five years.
The unusual pictures taken from space show parts of the Korean peninsula and surrounding areas.
Pyongyang confirmed on Monday it had tested a Hwasong-12 intermediate range ballistic missile (IRBM).
At its full power it can travel thousands of miles, putting areas like US territory Guam within striking distance.
The latest test has raised alarm again among the international community.
Pyongyang has conducted a record number of seven missile launches in the past month alone - an intense flurry of activity that has been strongly condemned by the US, South Korea, Japan, and other nations.
(Please read the full article posted at the URL above)
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Posted on January 31, 2022
overthepoles2018 flight - four years on and questions still remain, who perpetrated the SCAM?
Notice:
There are too many coincidences here for comfort...
Clue:
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Clue:
All of those sites reside on the same server.
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Clue:
All four of these sites refer back to the same originating server IP address.
completevisa.com, created: 2017-01-23 04:51:13 UTC
mikethemagellan.com, created 2017-11-14 01:10:27 UTC
flatearthresistance.com, created: 2017-11-14 01:10:28 UTC
exploringagain.com, created: 2017-11-15 15:44:07 UT
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Clue:
WaybackMachine internet archive shows that completevisa.com automatically forwarded the visitor to site exploringagain.com
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Clue:
overthepoles2018.com was also created by Namecheap web hosting about the same date. What are the odds of that?
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Clue:
Mikethemagellan.com is most likely Mike at exploringagain.com
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Much more information here in our detailed writeup:
overthepoles2018 flight now appears to be a scam - who are the responsible culprits?
Time to draw your own conclusions.
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Posted on January 28, 2022
When Solar Orbiter passed through Comet Leonard's Tail (earthsky.org)
https://earthsky.org/space/solar-orbiter-passes-through-comet-leonard-tail/
Comet meets spacecraft
The best comet of 2021 was C/2021 A1 Leonard. Many in the EarthSky community captured its photo (see photos here). And this week (January 25, 2022), the European Space Agency said that its Solar Orbiter – which is on a mission to study the sun – quite by accident passed through this comet’s tail in late 2021. ESA said in a statement:
For several days centered on … December 17, 2021, the spacecraft found itself flying through the tail of Comet Leonard.
Solar Orbiter had just swung past Earth for a gravity assist – on its way toward a close approach to the sun in March this year – when it found itself within the comet’s tail. Scientists took advantage of the opportunity to capture information about the particles and magnetic fields present in the comet’s tail. ESA said:
This will allow astronomers to study the way the comet interacts with the solar wind, a variable wind of particles and magnetic field that emanate from the sun and sweep through the solar system.
(Please read the article posted at the URL above)
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Solar Orbiter Overview
https://www.nasa.gov/content/solar-orbiter-overview
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Comet Leanard has Disintegrated (earthsky.org)
https://earthsky.org/space/comet-leonard-has-disintegrated/
Excerpt:
Our brightest comet of the past year has disintegrated. This comet passed nearest the sun at perihelion on January 3, 2022 and is now moving away from the sun. It has not only faded, but is now missing its two most important parts: its nucleus (core) and its coma (temporary atmosphere).
The remnants of Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) are presently in the morning sky as seen from Earth’s Southern Hemisphere.
Comet Leonard leaves behind a legacy
As Gregory Leonard, discoverer of Comet C/2021 A1, told EarthSky in an email on March 16, 2022:
C/2021 A1’s legacy will likely be the spectacular outburst-induced displays of its ion tail structures. Otherworldly and astonishing are the only descriptions that come to mind when I began viewing the images being posted online by a handful of dedicated expert astrophotographers, particularly after December 19, 2021, when the comet began undergoing strong periodic outburst activity.
Leonard, of the Catalina Sky Survey in Tucson, Arizona, discovered the comet on January 3, 2021, a whole year before its perihelion.
(Please read the full article at the URL posted above)
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Posted on January 20, 2022
Twilight observations daily confirm the Earth rotates, and the Sun rises/sets with respect to the horizon.
Flat Earthers unable to admit this are bonkers and should not be followed.
Twilight and the Rotating Earth, by Bob the Science Guy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOe7vQBoiR8
Bob says, "Notice that the high altitude clouds are kind of a reddish pink color, whereas the low altitude clouds in the foreground are dark and grey. That's because the Sun is below the horizon of the Earth. In it the light from the Sun is coming upward and illuminating those high clouds while the lower clouds are in shadow."
While you only have to look at a sunset to understand the earth is a rotating sphere, the nature of twilight (civil, nautical and astronomical) really drives home the point. Bob looks at twilight, how it is defined with examples, how solar time works (longitude and equation of time, time zones), and touches on the next video on the astrolabe on Slide Rules and Mathematics.
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Twilight (Wikipedia)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twilight
Twilight is the illumination of the lower atmosphere when the Sun is not directly visible because it is below the horizon. Twilight is produced by sunlight scattering in the upper atmosphere, illuminating the lower atmosphere so that Earth's surface is neither completely lit nor completely dark. The word twilight is also used to denote the periods of time when this illumination occurs.
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References:
An easy experiment you can do for yourself, to prove gravity and the Earth spins. Are you ready for a road trip?
How much you weigh, depends upon where you are on the Earth - because it's a rotating sphere
Verify Earth curvature from any location on the globe, as easy as 1 - 2 - 3
Non-composite images of the Earth from space
Bonneville Salt Flats prove curvature of the Earth. Take a drive to Utah and see for yourself!
FlatEarthLunacy Blog next page:
Thanks, JonahTheScientist
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